15-06-2012, 03:28 PM
PROJECT ON STATISTICS
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DEFINATION
In our daily life, we have to collect facts which help us in answering most of the questions concerning the world in which we live. The facts we collect are often number facts such as the number of runs scored by Indian team against Pakistan.
The methods and techniques of collection, presentation, analyses and interpretations of numerical data in a logical and systematic manner so as to serve a purpose is known as ‘statistics’.
MEANING OF STATISTICS
Statistics is concerned with scientific method for collecting and presenting, organizing and summarizing and analyzing data as well as deriving valid conclusions and making reasonable decisions on the basis of this analysis.
ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF STATISTICS
The word ‘statistics’ and ‘statistical’ are derived from the Latin word status, means political state.
1. Ø The German stastistik, first introduced by Gottfried ache wall (1749), originally designated the data analysis of state.
2. Ø It was used by the British mainly for administrative and governmental bodies.
3. Ø In particular census provides regular information about the population.
4. Ø Today however statistics had broadened Far beyond the service of a state or government ,it includes areas such as
5. Ø Business
6. Ø Natural and social sciences and
7. Ø Medicines
8. Ø Before 3000B.C. the Babylonians used small clay tablets’ to record tabulations of agricultural yields and of commodities bartered or sold.
9. Ø The Egyptians analyzed the population and material wealth of their kingdoms.
10. The Roman Empire was the first government to gather extensive data about population, area and wealth of territories that they controlled.
ALGORITHM:
Step I= Prepare the frequency table in such a way that its first column consists of the values of the variate and the second column the ∑
Step II=multiply the frequency of each row with the corresponding values of variable to obtain third column containing fix;
Step III= Find the sum of all entries in column III to obtain ∑fixi.
Step IV= Find the sum of all the frequencies in column II to obtain ∑fi= N
Step V= Use the formula: X = ∑fixi/N
For Ex= Find the missing frequencies in the following frequency distribution if it is known that the mean of the distribution is 1.46 No. of accidents (x): 0 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Frequency (f): 46 ? ? 25 10 5 200
STEP DEVIATION METHOD
Step I- Obtain the frequency distribution and prepare the frequency table in such a way that its first column consists of the values of the variable and the second column corresponding frequencies.
Step II- Choose a number ‘A’(generally known as the assumed mean) and take deviations di=xi-A about A. Write these deviations against the corresponding di’s in the IV column.
Step IV- Multiply the frequencies in second column with the corresponding ui’s in IV column to prepare V column of fiui.
Step V- find the sum of all entries in V column to obtain (∑ni=1 fixi) and the sum of all frequencies in column to obtain N=(∑ni=1fi). Use formula:X=A+h{1/N fixi}
Conclusion
Statistics has been a great learning experience and is a very interesting experience and an important topic that is very-very helpful for people of all ages and for teacher to clear their concept and increase their intelligence level.