28-06-2013, 04:21 PM
Planning and Design of STM-16 OFC lines, configuration of E1's, Bandwidth and BER measurements
Planning and Design.doc (Size: 218.5 KB / Downloads: 29)
Introduction:
In telecommunications Optical fibers plays an important role because it carries the data from transmitter to the receiver very effectively than other wired networks. Optical fibers can be used to transmit light and thus information over long distances at higher bandwidths. The communication process involves information generation, transmission, reception and interpretation.
As needs for various types of communication such as voice, images, video and data communications. In most of the optical networks, silica fibers are used. The capacity of fibers for data transmission is huge: a single silica fiber can carry lacks of telephone channels. The cost per transported channel can be extremely low. The losses for light propagating in fibers are amazingly small: ≈0.25 dB/km for modern single-mode silica fibers, so that many tens of kilometers can be bridged without regenerating /amplifying the signals.
Today, optical fibers are not only used in telecommunication links but also used Local area networks (LAN), Gigabit Ethernet, SDH/SONET, ATM, ESCON, Fiber Channel and CATV. Currently the optical fiber used in to access networks. The “last mile” to business and home subscribers through FTTH services like IPTV/RF Video, VOIP, High Speed Internet and future advanced services with High quality of service, high reliability, flexibility, all in IP, future proof and using the network resources effectively.
To develop multimedia telecommunication networks as an infrastructure, it is necessary to install the highly reliable optical fiber cable network architecture along with traditional SDH, Next Generation SDH, and Dense Wave Length Division Multiplexing (DWDM) Systems. Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is an effective technique for utilizing the large bandwidth of an optical fiber. The thrust of this project is on OFC/SDH/DWDM technology and it will create awareness to the service provider network architecture, principles of OFC, different SDH systems namely STM-4/16 of vendor name Tejas and DWDM 40 Channel 10 G system. In this project the real time environment with hands on exposure to readily install and working OFC/STM-4/STM-16 and DWDM systems along with necessary Testing Instruments is covered. This project gives the complete details about the theoretical and practical background to various OFC/SDH and DWDM system technologies
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) is a standard for telecommunications transport formulated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It is deployed at all levels of the network infrastructure including the access network and the long distance trunk network. It is based on synchronous multiplexed signal onto a light stream transmitted over Optical fiber. SDH is also defined for the use of Radio relay links, satellite links, and at electrical interfaces between equipment. SDH improves the configuration flexibility and bandwidth availability over the conventional Telecom transmission system.
The main objective of this project is the designing of link budget between two
STM-16 SDH terminals. This project involves practical design of a OFC link by testing the OF Cable using the measuring instruments like Optical Time Domain Reflect meter (OTDR), Optical Source, Optical Power meter and variable attenuator. Hands on measurement of Transmit power of Sources (LASERS) and receiver sensitivity (APD) of STM-16 terminals with the help of Variable attenuator and power meters. Configuration of E1’s between two STM-16 SDH terminals and Testing with BER (bit error ratio) meter.
Objective:
This project involves Link budget analysis of Optical Fibre. Practical familiarization to
STM-16 Tejas Equipment and Configuration of E1’s between Two STM-16 terminals.
Testing E1’s with BER meter.
Practical:
Practical Measurement of Transmit power of Sources ( LASERS ) and receiver
sensitivity ( APD ) of STM-16 terminals with the help of Variable attenuator and power
meters. Configuration of E1’s between two STM-16 SDH terminals and Testing with BER (bit error ratio) meter.
Observations:
Various steps in link budget analysis, Configuration of STM-16 Tejas Equipment and E1’s. Testing of E1’s between two stations with BER meter.