07-12-2012, 03:02 PM
SEMINAR ON ERGONOMICS
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CONCEPT OF ERGONOMICS
The concept of ergonomics helps to study the effect of health and safety i.e. working environment on productivity.
The worker interest in a job to a greater extent depend on how comfortable and safe the workplace is.
A number of factors are need to be considered while designing the workplace and the science which considers these factors is called “ERGONOMICS”.
Thus ergonomics is the science which deals with the relationship between man and his working environment.
DEFINATIONS OF ERGONOMICS
The word ergonomics is derived from the Greek word “Ergo” which means work , and “Nomo's” means natural laws. Therefore ,ergonomics means laws of work.
Ergonomics is the science of work which deals with relationship between man and his working environment.
Ergonomics is the process of designing or arranging work places, products and system so that they fit the people who use them.
Ergonomics can also be defined as the study of physiological and psychological aspects of human being.
OBJECTIVES OF ERGONOMICS
To improve human well being through attainment of optimal working conditions.
It attempts to minimize the risk of injury, illness, accident and errors without compromising productivity.
To enhance man-machine relationship.
To improve the design of machine at initial stage or also the modification of existing products.
RELATED SCIENCES OF ERGONOMICS
ANTHROPOLOGY- It is the study of the variation of human charactericts such as height, weight, reach, ratio of leg to shoulder length etc. such variations between the individual and sexes are noted and mean value is determined .
PSYCHOLOGY- This is the study concerned with human behaviour and human reaction under various working conditions . Ergonomics are aimed at eliminating human drudgery and eliminate factors which make job uncomfortable.
MAN MACHINE SYSTEM(MMS)
A man-machine system(MMS) may be defined as combination of man and some machines to bring about the desired output from given input. Examples : 1.a man with a hammer.
2. a typist with a typewriter.
IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF MMS
1. Design of visual display - a. Should be as simple as possible.
b. Convey only important information.
c. Preferred in noisy conditions.
2. Design of work place- The workplace must accommodate materials, tools, machines and auxilary services to perform specified task.
3. Design of controls-It is used to transmit information to some system.
ANTHROPOMETRY
It is the branch of ergonomics that deals with body shape and size. It studies the measurment of human body such as linear dimension, weight, range of movements etc.
Anthropometry data is useful in designing workstation to the operators dimension.
The measurment of body fall in two classes:
1. structural body dimension- These are measured with the body of person in fixed position. These measurment can have specific application like designing earphones, wrist watches etc.
2. Functional body dimension- These measurments are taken of body position which are in state of motion. These dimensions are used widely for design problem as in case of people in motion. Such as operating a machine , reaching across table for tools etc.
EXAMPLES OF MSD
3. EYE STRAIN - The eyes become strained as a result of poor lighting, glare or viewing from awkward positions.
4. MUSCLE STRAIN – Pain in muscles.
5. HAND/ARM VIBRATION SYNDROME- Tingling, numbness, blanching, loss of dexterity in the hand/arm