08-08-2011, 04:17 PM
can anyone please give me a project report for industrial training on smoke detectors or gas detectors ?
08-08-2011, 04:17 PM
can anyone please give me a project report for industrial training on smoke detectors or gas detectors ?
08-08-2011, 09:19 PM
hi friend you can refer this page to get the details on smoke detector
https://seminarproject.net/Thread-smoke-detector
07-10-2011, 06:56 PM
nice...
08-10-2011, 10:07 AM
to get information about the topic" smoke detector" please refer the link bellow https://seminarproject.net/Thread-smoke-detector
03-07-2012, 09:48 PM
[/align]hello sir,
i have design the circuit of smoke alarm on the bread board.. but its not working.. i need to submit it as soon as possibe.. circuit is all right... plz give me suggestion...
15-10-2012, 03:41 PM
SMOKE DETECTOR PROJECTS
OVERVIEW A working smoke detector in the home increases the chance of survival of a residential fire by 2 to 3 times. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) estimates that 93% of homes in the United States have a smoke detector. However, NFPA has also found that in homes which had fires, as many as one-third of the smoke detectors did not work. By self-report, 9 out of 10 Oklahoma homes have working smoke detectors. However, door-to-door surveys have found that 1 out of 5 of the detectors, reported as working, does not work on inspection. In Oklahoma, approximately 100 persons are seriously or fatally injured each year in residential fires. More than two-thirds of them did not have a working smoke detector in the home. No longer will general programs to distribute detectors suffice. Efforts must be concentrated on the hard-to-reach - those who will not respond to a letter in the mail or an ad in the newspaper, but are still at the highest risk of residential fire, injury, and death. Efforts must also expand to getting people to keep the batteries in the smoke detectors. The first step in developing an effective program is to involve the community. The community owns the conditions which lead to the problems of residential fires, injuries, and deaths. The community needs to address the problems and work together to change the conditions. Because each community is different, with unique weaknesses and strengths, programs and projects should be developed that best fit the community's needs. Programs that use a variety of approaches are most likely to be successful. Public education, smoke detector and battery distribution, comprehensive legislation, effective enforcement, and modified environments are a few examples of a multi-faceted approach to a successful residential fire and injury prevention program.
26-11-2012, 05:01 PM
A smoke detector
A smoke detector.docx (Size: 218.03 KB / Downloads: 27) A smoke detector is a device that detects smoke, typically as an indicator of fire. Commercial, industrial, and mass residential devices issue a signal to a fire alarm system, while household detectors, known as smoke alarms, generally issue a local audible or visual alarm from the detector itself. Smoke detectors are typically housed in a disk-shaped plastic enclosure about 150 millimetres (6 in) in diameter and 25 millimetres (1 in) thick, but the shape can vary by manufacturer or product line. Most smoke detectors work either by optical detection (photoelectric) or by physical process (ionization), while others use both detection methods to increase sensitivity to smoke. Sensitive alarms can be used to detect, and thus deter, smoking in areas where it is banned such as toilets and schools. Smoke detectors in large commercial, industrial, and residential buildings are usually powered by a central fire alarm system, which is powered by the building power with a battery backup. However, in many single family detached and smaller multiple family housings, a smoke alarm is often powered only by a single disposable battery. History The first automatic electric fire alarm was invented in 1890 by Francis Robbins Upton (U.S. patent no. 436,961). Upton was an associate of Thomas Edison, but there is no evidence that Edison contributed to this project. George Andrew Darby patented the first electrical Heat detector and Smoke detector in 1902 in Birmingham, England.[1] In the late 1930s the Swiss physicist Walter Jaeger tried to invent a sensor for poison gas. He expected that gas entering the sensor would bind to ionized air molecules and thereby alter an electric current in a circuit in the instrument. His device failed: small concentrations of gas had no effect on the sensor's conductivity. Frustrated, Jaeger lit a cigarette—and was soon surprised to notice that a meter on the instrument had registered a drop in current. Smoke particles had apparently done what poison gas could not. Jaeger's experiment was one of the advances that paved the way for the modern smoke detector. It was 30 years, however, before progress in nuclear chemistry and solid-state electronics made a cheap sensor possible. While home smoke detectors were available during most of the 1960s, the price of these devices was rather high. Before that, alarms were so expensive that only major businesses and theaters could afford them. Air-sampling An air-sampling smoke detector is capable of detecting microscopic particles of smoke. Most air-sampling detectors are aspirating smoke detectors, which work by actively drawing air through a network of small-bore pipes laid out above or below a ceiling in parallel runs covering a protected area. Small holes drilled into each pipe form a matrix of holes (sampling points), providing an even distribution across the pipe network. Air samples are drawn past a sensitive optical device, often a solid-state laser, tuned to detect the extremely small particles of combustion. Air-sampling detectors may be used to trigger an automatic fire response, such as a gaseous fire suppression system, in high-value or mission-critical areas, such as archives or computer server rooms. Most air-sampling smoke detection systems are capable of a higher sensitivity than spot type smoke detectors and provide multiple levels of alarm threshold, such as Alert, Action, Fire 1 and Fire 2. Thresholds may be set at levels across a wide range of smoke levels. This provides earlier notification of a developing fire than spot type smoke detection, allowing manual intervention or activation of automatic suppression systems before a fire has developed beyond the smoldering stage, thereby increasing the time available for evacuation and minimizing fire damage. Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide detection Some smoke alarms use a carbon dioxide sensor or carbon monoxide sensor to detect extremely dangerous products of combustion.[9][10] However, not all smoke detectors that are advertised with such gas sensors are actually able to warn of poisonous levels of those gases in the absence of a fire.[citation needed] Performance differences Photoelectric smoke detectors respond faster (typically 30 minutes or more) to fire in its early, smouldering stage (before it breaks into flame). The smoke from the smouldering stage of a fire is typically made up of large combustion particles - between 0.3 and 10.0 microns. Ionization smoke detectors respond faster (typically 30-60 seconds) in the flaming stage of a fire. The smoke from the flaming stage of a fire is typically made up of microscopic combustion particles - between 0.01 and 0.3 microns. Also, ionization detectors are weaker in high air-flow environments, and because of this, the photoelectric smoke detector is more reliable for detecting smoke in both the smoldering and flaming stages of a fire.[11] Conventional The word "conventional" is slang used to distinguish the method used to communicate with the control unit from that used by addressable detectors whose methods were unconventional at the time of their introduction. So called “Conventional Detectors” cannot be individually identified by the control unit and resemble an electrical switch in their information capacity. These detectors are connected in parallel to the signaling path or (initiating device circuit) so that the current flow is monitored to indicate a closure of the circuit path by any connected detector when smoke or other similar environmental stimulus sufficiently influences any detector. The resulting increase in current flow is interpreted and processed by the control unit as a confirmation of the presence of smoke and a fire alarm signal is generated. Reliability In 2004, NIST issued a comprehensive report[5] that concludes, among other things, that "smoke alarms of either the ionization type or the photoelectric type consistently provided time for occupants to escape from most residential fires", and "consistent with prior findings, ionization type alarms provided somewhat better response to flaming fires than photoelectric alarms (57 to 62 seconds faster response), and photoelectric alarms provided (often) considerably faster response to smoldering fires than ionization type alarms (47 to 53 minutes faster response)". The NFPA strongly recommends the replacement of home smoke alarms every 10 years. Smoke alarms become less reliable with time, primarily due to aging of their electronic components, making them susceptible to nuisance false alarms. In ionization type alarms, decay of the 241Am radioactive source is a negligible factor, as its half-life is far greater than the expected useful life of the alarm unit. Regular cleaning can prevent false alarms caused by the build up of dust or other objects such as flies, particularly on optical type alarms as they are more susceptible to these factors. A vacuum cleaner can be used to clean ionization and optical detectors externally and internally. However, on commercial ionisation detectors it is not recommended for a lay person to clean internally. To reduce false alarms caused by cooking fumes, use an optical or 'toast proof' alarm near the kitchen. [22] A jury in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York decided in 2006 that First Alert and its parent company, BRK Brands, was liable for millions of dollars in damages because the ionization smoke alarm in the Hackert's house was a defective design by its nature, typically failing to detect the slow-burning fire and choking smoke that filled the home as the family slept.[23]
17-08-2013, 02:43 PM
Anyone whoever used the smoke detector? How does it work? Also need the circuit diagram of smoke detector and bug detector. How is the detector at detectorll?
19-08-2013, 09:53 AM
To get full information or details of Project report on smoke detector please have a look on the pages
https://seminarproject.net/Thread-smoke-detector https://seminarproject.net/Thread-smoke-alarm https://seminarproject.net/Thread-projec...#pid165709 if you again feel trouble on Project report on smoke detector please reply in that page and ask specific fields in Project report on smoke detector
11-06-2016, 01:59 PM
pls i need somebody to send me a copy of project report on smoke or fire detector. pls u send it to my e-mail. mozeezha113[at]yahoo.com
full project report on smoke detector
13-06-2016, 11:25 AM
A smoke detector is a device that detects smoke, usually as an indicator of fire. Commercial security device emits a signal to fire alarm control panel, composed of fire alarm systems, and household detectors, known as smoke alarms tend to give out local audible or visual alarm signal from the detector.
Smoke detectors are placed in plastic packages, usually in the form of a disc about 150 millimeters (6 inches) in diameter and 25 mm (1 inch) thick, but the shape and size of the change. Smoke can be detected or optically (photoelectric) or by physical process (ionization), detectors can use either or both methods. Sensitive alarms can be used for detection, and thus deter smoking in places where it is forbidden. Smoke detectors in large commercial, industrial and residential buildings are usually powered by a central fire alarm system, which is powered by building power with battery backup. Domestic smoke detectors vary from individual units of battery-powered, to several interconnected mains power devices with battery backup; If any unit detects smoke, trigger, even when there is no electricity. According to estimates by the National Fire Protection Association United States that nearly two-thirds of home fire deaths occur in properties without working smoke detectors
13-07-2016, 12:19 PM
Smoke detector
A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of fire. Commercial security devices issue a signal to a fire alarm control panel as part of a fire alarm system, while household smoke detectors, also known as smoke alarms, generally issue a local audible or visual alarm from the detector itself. Smoke detectors are housed in plastic enclosures, typically shaped like a disk about 150 millimetres (6 in) in diameter and 25 millimetres (1 in) thick, but shape and size vary. Smoke can be detected either optically (photoelectric) or by physical process (ionization), detectors may use either, or both, methods. Sensitive alarms can be used to detect, and thus deter, smoking in areas where it is banned. Smoke detectors in large commercial, industrial, and residential buildings are usually powered by a central fire alarm system, which is powered by the building power with a battery backup. Domestic smoke detectors range from individual battery-powered units, to several interlinked mains-powered units with battery backup; if any unit detects smoke, all trigger even in the absence of electricity. The US National Fire Protection Association estimates that nearly two-thirds of deaths from home fires occur in properties without working smoke detectors. There are two main types of smoke detectors: ionization detectors and photoelectric detectors. A smoke alarm uses one or both methods, sometimes plus a heat detector, to warn of a fire. The devices may be powered by a 9-volt battery, lithium battery, or 120-volt house wiring. Ionization Detectors Ionization detectors have an ionization chamber and a source of ionizing radiation. The source of ionizing radiation is a minute quantity of americium-241 (perhaps 1/5000th of a gram), which is a source of alpha particles (helium nuclei). The ionization chamber consists of two plates separated by about a centimeter. The battery applies a voltage to the plates, charging one plate positive and the other plate negative. Alpha particles constantly released by the americium knock electrons off of the atoms in the air, ionizing the oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the chamber. The positively-charged oxygen and nitrogen atoms are attracted to the negative plate and the electrons are attracted to the positive plate, generating a small, continuous electric current.
01-08-2016, 11:25 PM
iam searching for automatic smoke analyser project in automobile please suggest the project pdf |
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