14-08-2012, 01:47 PM
FABRICATION OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY SPEED BREAKER
FABRICATION OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY SPEED BREAKER.docx (Size: 2.4 MB / Downloads: 52)
INTRODUCTION
The word energy from the Greek energeia, "activity, operation", from energos, "active, working" is a scalar physical quantity that is a property of objects and systems which is conserved by nature. Energy is defined as the ability to do work. We use energy to do work and make all movements. When we eat, our bodies transform the food into energy to do work. When we run or walk or do some work, we ‘burn’ energy in our bodies. Cars, planes, trolleys, boats, and machinery also transform energy into work. Work means moving or lifting something, warming or lighting something. There are many sources of energy that help to run the various machines invented by man.
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. But it can be converted from one form to another form. This law is known as conservation of energy. Total energy of a system does not change with time, its value may depend on the frame of reference. For example, a seated passenger in a moving airplane has zero kinetic energy relative to the airplane, but non-zero kinetic energy relative to the earth.
TYPES OF ENERGY
In the nature, energy can be found in many form. Most of the energy can be first converted into electricity (i.e. electrical energy). Then it can be easily used varios purpose such as lighting, cooling, cooking and to running other various equipments. The major form can be listed as below-
1. Mechanical energy
2. Electric energy
3. Magnetic energy
4. Chemical energy
5. Nuclear energy
6. Sound energy
7. Surface energy
Mechanical Energy:-
The energy which is used to do some mechanical work is known as mechanical energy. Mechanical energy have two components i.e. potential energy and kinetic energy present in a mechanical system.These components can be described as follows-
Potential Energy:-
Potential energy is the energy that is stored in an object. Potential energy exists when there is a force that tends to pull an object back towards some original position when the object is displaced. This force is called a restoring force. The simple example is streaching the rubber. It stores the energy is known as the potential energy. When the rubber is realeased, the potential energy is conerted ino kinetic energy. In the mathematical form, potential energy is-
PE = mgh
Where-
PE = Energy (in Joules)
m = mass (in kilograms)
g = gravitational acceleration of the earth (9.8 m/sec2)
h = height above earth's surface (in meters)
1.2.2-Kinetic Energy:-
The energy which is due to the motion of a body. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its current velocity. It is the energy of motion. An object which has motion whether it is vertical or horizontal motion has kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of an object in this case is given by the relation:-
KE = (1/2) mv2
Where-
KE = Energy (in Joules)
m = mass (in kilograms)
v = velocity (in meters/sec)
Electrical Energy
The electric energy is defined as the work which must be done against the Coulomb force to rearrange charges from infinite separation to this configuration (or the work done by the Coulomb force separating the charges from this configuration to infinity). The electricity is produced by flowing the electron in an condutor. In many applications, electrical energy is used. This is the simplest form of energy which is easy to use.