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ABSTRACT
The main objective of this project is to design a railway track security system, which is used to detect the cracks on the railway track at any moment and to send that information to a nearby station by using GSM technology through SMS.
This system uses a microcontroller of the 8051 family and a rectified power supply. Here the GSM modem is connected to the microcontroller through a level shifter for sending the data. The railway track and GSM modem status are displayed on the LCD display, which is interfaced to the microcontroller.
This system is based on a prototype of a railway track, which is formed by a pair of wires connected with a detachable jumper, on each track, to the microcontroller – this is for demonstration purpose only. Removal of the detachable jumper creates a fault in the respective track; otherwise it is generally shorted by a jumper wire to simulate healthy track condition.
Whenever any user removes the detachable jumper from the track, it creates a fault in the respective track, and the information pertaining to the fault is sent to the microcontroller through transistor logic. The microcontroller compares this data with the predefined data and if it finds the data matching, then, it sends the corresponding information via SMS to the nearby station through a GSM modem.
INTRODUCTION
In all transport systems, particularly in the case of railways, safety and reliability arehighly considered. In recent years, with the development of high speed railway,speed and capability of the trains constantly improved, and traffic density gets more and more serious. As a result the requirements to the reliability and safety of the high speed train operation enhances increasingly
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However, safety of high speed railway extremely relies on its surrounding environment. The number of collision connected railway accidents shows world-wide an increasing tendency year by year
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The ever increasing operation velocities cause an increasing degree of the graveconsequences both in loss of human life and severe damage to the train and other railway equipment. In the technical literature very few number of publications can be found that are dealing with investigations into the train collision processes to predict the level of forces and deformations realizing in the course of accidental collisions/crashes.
The shortage of the literature sources can be explained by the extremely complicated character of the dynamics of train crashes. The paper takes an attem pt to develop aniterative computation method for predicting the dynamics of train collisions/crashes
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The train safety has been an issue with the increasing number of incidents being reported that has caused death and injury. Majority of deaths on the railway involve third parties with the incursion onto the level crossings. Average train accident would cost millions of Indian rupees and these can be avoided if there is a mechanism to track the train location and speed and warn the locomotive drivers about possible safety issues.
The solution is a comprehensive GPS/GSM based train tracking system,which provide accurate, dependable and timely information to the controller. The inbuilt GPS module identifies the train location with a highest accuracy and transfers the information to the central system via GSM. The availability of this information allows the Train Controller to take accurate decisions as for the train location. Location data can be further processed to providevisual positioning using maps granting a wholesome view on train location. Positioning data along with train speed helps the administration to identify the possible safety issues andreact to them effectively using the communication methods provided by the system Additionally, this project proposes a system which monitors the track in front of a train for obstacle detection using multi sensor setup
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If an obstacle is detected, the inbuilt GPS module identifies the train location with a highest accuracy and transfers the information to the central system via GSM
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The availability of this information allows the Train Controller to take accurate decisions as for the train location.
Thus we have selected a project which is simple to use and it is very cheap to make this project. The other technology which is used by railway officers is quite handy but very complicate and it is costly. This will help railways to be in secure position and it always be needful in security purpose of our Indian Railway system.
LITRATURE SERVAY :-
According to IEEE paper, A survey on Railway Security in Wireless Communication printed on 2013 in International Journal of Advanced Electrical and Electronics Engineeringvolume-2.It is clear that main problem about a railway analysis is detection of cracks in the structure
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If these decencies are not controlled at early stages they might cause huge economical problems affecting the rail network (unexpected requisition of spare parts, handling of incident and/or accidents).
These project relates to find the crack in the railway tracks.
Project uses a microcontroller from 8051 series family.
It is an 8-bit 40 pin microcontroller. It also uses an MAX232dual driver/receiver that includes a capacitive voltage to supply TIA/EIA-232-f voltage levels from a single 5v supply. Each driver converts TTL/CMOS input levels to TIA/EIA-232-f levels
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This GSM modem is a highly flexible plug and play GSM 900 operating frequency modem for direct and easy integration RS232, voltage range for the power supply and audio interface make this device perfect solution for system integrators and single user. Voice, Data/Fax, SMS, GPRS, integrated TCP/IP stack, RTC and other features like the GSM / GPRS. It has Built-in TCP/IP Protocol Built-in RTC in the module AT Command based system it has the signalling speed of 85.6 kbps
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Accelerometer sensor measure static (earth gravity) or dynamic acceleration in all three axis. Application of the sensor is in various fields and many applications can be developed using this sensor. By monitoring the three axis acceleration one can measure the level of tilt of any platform. Accelerometer sensor measures level of acceleration where it is mounted this enable us to measure acceleration/deceleration of object like in hand movement in goniometer or tilt of a platform with respected to earth axis. Sensor provides 0G output which detect linear free fall. Sensitivity can be adjusted in two ranges. Today, India possesses the fourth largest railway network in the world comprising115000km of track . The recent statistics reveal that approximately 60% of all the rail accidents have derailments as their cause, of which about 90% are due to cracks on the rails. The project relates to find the crack in the railway tracks. According to a possible embodiment, the railway carriage carrying the control equipments is provided with sensor orientate to detect the crack.
SCOPE OF PROJECT
Nowadays in the current railway systems, it is becoming necessary to have safetyelements in order to avoid accidents. the causes that can provoke seriousaccidents is the existence of obstacles on the tracks, either fixed or mobile.This project deals about one of the efficient methods to avoid train collision andobstacle detection. So, this issue becomes our priority to solve it. The system which we are proposing helps to overcome this social problem faced in almost every city of India.
A key aspect of our project is to identify a crack in a track, and to alert the office at the very same movement. The system sets an example on how to use sensors and GSM efficiently for railway track crack detection and the technology can be used at domestic and at commercial places with future vision.
Instead of using manual method of crack detection, the use of this method helps inefficient and fast management of crack detection in track
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Also the respective monitoring office will get instant information about crack detection which will also reduce unwanted workload on them. And then key aspect to keep our city secured from the accidents caused by improper and unmaintained track.
PROJECT PLANNING
A .Analysis of the exiting situation and the exact nature of problem faced through discussions with the project guide.
B. Study of process of different technologies used in the system.
C .With the help of the guide the specifications of the program were decided and then implemented in the project.
D .Use of Accelerometer sensor to interface the computer and embedded system meant
FUTURE SCOPE
The system sets an example on how to use wireless network efficiently for Railway Track Crack detection and the technology can be used at domestic and at commercial places with future vision
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Instead of manual method of crack detection a more advanced accelerometer sensor are compatible technology can be used.