14-10-2014, 01:32 PM
Abstracts: Oil spill pollution, a severe environmental problem which persists in marine environment or in inland water across the world, has grown to an alarming magnitude with increased levels of oil production and transport. Its causes are either accidental or due to operation wherever oil is produced, transported, stored and used on sea or land. Oil has long been used as a source of heat and light but due to the advent and innovations in automobile technology it has become a source of power for transport. Developments in the petrochemical industry warrants increased oil supply carried through pipelines and ships from places where it is found to the most convenient sites for refineries and chemical manufacturing plants. The quantity of oil transported over the sea has enormously increased in volume, encompassing tankers from capacity of 100,000 to 500,000 tonnes, resulting in increased possibility of spillage by accident or due to operation. In the event of an accident, oil pollution will be encountered in the marine environment or in inland water. Oil accounts for about 36% of INDIA’S total energy consumption. INDIA today is one of the top ten oil-guzzling nations in the world and will soon overtake Korea as the third largest consumer of oil in Asia after china and japan.in the current scenario, India’s oil consumption by end of 2012 is expected to reach 152 million tonne. Removing oil from seawater can be a daunting task. Oil has a lower specific gravity (0.79 to 0.84) than seawater (1.023 to 1.028) and floats on top of seawater for that reason, which makes "skimming" one of the most effective "immediate" ways to remove crude oil from seawater. Other methods have been developed, including using a dispersant to sink the oil, bringing in "oil-eating" bacteria, and simply allowing the oil to break down through natural processes. An oil skimmer is a machine that separates a liquid from particles floating on it or from another liquid. A common application is removing oil floating on water. This technology are commonly used for oil spills remediation, but are commonly found in industrial application such as removing oil from machine tool coolant and removing oil from aqueous parts washers.