07-02-2013, 01:53 PM
5 PEN PC TECHNOLOGY
5 PEN PC TECHNOLOGY.docx (Size: 149.14 KB / Downloads: 47)
ABSTRACT:
Five pen pc shortly called as P-ISM (“Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget Package”), is nothing but the new discovery, which is under developing stage by NEC Corporation. P-ISM is a gadget package including five functions: a CPU pen, communication pen with a cellular phone function, virtual keyboard, a very small projector, and a camera. P-ISM’s are connected with one another through short-range wireless technology. The whole set is also connected to the Internet through the cellular phone function. This personal gadget in a minimalist pen style enables the ultimate ubiquitous computing.
CPU PEN
The functionality of the CPU is done by one of the pen. It is also known as computing engine. It consists of dual core processor embedded in it and it works with WINDOWS operation system.
The central processing unit (CPU) is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, and is the primary element carrying out the computer's functions. The central processing unit carries out each instruction of the program in sequence, to perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system. This
term has been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s. The form, design and implementation of CPUs have changed dramatically since the earliest examples, but their fundamental operation remains much the same.
CONTROL UNIT:-
The control unit of the CPU contains circuitry that uses electrical signals to direct the entire computer system to carry out, stored program instructions. The control unit does not execute program instructions; rather, it directs other parts of the system to do so. The control unit must communicate with both the arithmetic/logic unit and memory.
CPU, core memory, and external bus interface of a DEC PDP-8/I. made of medium-scale integrated circuits.
The design complexity of CPUs increased as various technologies facilitated building smaller and more reliable electronic devices. The first such improvement came with the advent of the transistor. Transistorized CPUs during the 1950s and 1960s no longer had to be built out of bulky, unreliable, and fragile switching elements like vacuum tubes and electrical relays. With this improvement more complex and reliable CPUs were built onto one or several printed circuit boards containing discrete (individual) components.
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MICROPROCESSOR:-
The introduction of the microprocessor in the 1970s significantly affected the design and implementation of CPUs. Since the introduction of the first commercially available microprocessor (the Intel 4004) in 1970 and the first widely used microprocessor (the Intel
8080) in 1974, this class of CPUs has almost completely overtaken all other central processing unit implementation methods. Mainframe and minicomputer manufacturers of the time launched proprietary IC development programs to upgrade their older computer architectures, and eventually produced instruction set compatible microprocessors that were backward-compatible with their older hardware and software. Combined with the advent and eventual vast success of the now ubiquitous personal computer, the term CPU is now applied almost exclusively to microprocessors. Several CPUs can be combined in a single processing chip.
OPERATION:-
The fundamental operation of most CPUs, regardless of the physical form they take, is to execute a sequence of stored instructions called a program. The program is represented by a series of numbers that are kept in some kind of computer memory. There are four steps that nearly all CPUs use in their operation: fetch, decode, execute, and write back.
The first step, fetch, involves retrieving an instruction (which is represented by a number or sequence of numbers) from program memory. The instruction that the CPU fetches from memory is used to determine what the CPU is to do. In the decode step, the instruction is broken up into parts that have significance to other portions of the CPU.
After the fetch and decode steps, the execute step is performed. During this step, various portions of the CPU are connected so they can perform the desired operation.
The final step, write back, simply "writes back" the results of the execute step to some form of memory. Very often the results are written to some internal CPU register for quick access by subsequent instructions.
After the execution of the instruction and write back of the resulting data, the entire process repeats, with the next instruction cycle normally fetching the next-in-sequence instruction because of the incremented value in the program counter.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION:-
The way a CPU represents numbers is a design choice that affects the most basic ways in which the device functions. Some early digital computers used an electrical model of the common decimal (base ten) numeral system to represent numbers internally. A few other computers have used more exotic numeral systems like ternary (base three). Nearly all modern CPUs represent numbers in binary form, with each digit being represented by some two-valued physical quantity such as a "high" or "low" voltage.
MOS 6502 microprocessor in a dual in-line package, an extremely popular 8-bit design. Related to number representation is the size and precision of numbers that a CPU can represent. In the case of a binary CPU, a bit refers to one significant place in the numbers a CPU deals with. The number of bits (or numeral places) a CPU uses to represent numbers is often called "word size", "bit width", "data path width", or "integer precision" when dealing with strictly integer numbers (as opposed to Floating point).
PROJECTION TECHNOLOGIES:
CRT projector using cathode ray tubes. This typically involves a blue, a green, and a red tube. This is the oldest system still in regular use, but falling out of favor largely because of the bulky cabinet. However, it does provide the largest screen size for a given cost. This also covers three tube home models, which, while bulky, can be moved (but then usually require complex picture adjustments to get the three images to line up correctly).
LCD projector using LCD light gates. This is the simplest system, making it one of the most common and affordable for home theaters and business use. Its most common problem is a visible “screen door” or pixelation effect, although recent advances have minimized this.
BATTERY
The most important part in portable type of computer is battery and storage capacity. Usually batteries must be small in size and work for longer time. For normal use it can be used for 2 weeks. The type of battery used here is lithium ion battery. The storage device is of the type tubular holographic which is capable of storing. The use of lithium ion battery in this gadget will reduce energy density, durability and cost factor.
By making Five Pen PC feasible, it will enable ubiquitous computing therefore it is easier for people to use. Many applications can be imagined with this new technology. As it makes use of E-fingerprinting the gadget will be more secure, which allows only owner to activate the Pc. So even if we loose it, no one else cal access the gadget.
All PC’s communicate each other with the help of Bluetooth technology and the entire gadget is connected to internet (Wi-fi). This technology is very portable, feasible and efficient to use.