09-09-2016, 10:59 AM
ROBUST APPROACH TO GENERATING LOCATION-SENSITIVE RECOMMENDATIONS IN AD-HOC SOCIAL NETWORK ENVIRONMENTS
1453989041-ROBUSTAPPROACHTOGENERATINGLOCATION.doc (Size: 514.5 KB / Downloads: 4)
ABSTRACT
Social recommendation is popular and successful among various urban sustainable applications like products recommendation, online sharing and shopping services. Users make use of these applications to form several implicit social networks through their daily social interactions. The users in such social networks can rate some interesting items and give comments.
The majority of the existing studies investigate the rating prediction and recommendation of items based on user-item bipartite graph and user-user social graph, so called social recommendation. However, the spatial factor was not considered in their recommendation mechanisms.
With the rapid development of the service of location-based social networks, the spatial information gradually affects the quality and correlation of rating and recommendation of items.
This project proposes spatial social union (SSU), an approach of similarity measurement between two users that integrates the interconnection among users, items and locations. The SSU-aware location-sensitive recommendation algorithm is then devised. This project evaluates and compares the proposed approach with the existing rating prediction and item recommendation algorithms.
INTRODUCTION
NETWORKING.
A computer network consists of a collection of computers, printers and other equipment that is connected together so that they can communicate with each other. Fig 1 gives an example of a network in a school comprising of a local area network or LAN connecting computers with each other, the internet, and various servers.
Networking
Broadly speaking, there are two types of network configuration, peer-to-peer networks and client/server networks.
• Peer-to-peer networks
• Client/server networks
PEER-TO-PEER NETWORKS
Peer-to-peer networks are more commonly implemented where less then ten computers are involved and where strict security is not necessary. All computers have the same status, hence the term 'peer', and they communicate with each other on an equal footing. Files, such as word processing or spreadsheet documents, can be shared across the network and all the computers on the network can share devices, such as printers or scanners, which are connected to any one computer.
CLIENT/SERVER NETWORKS
Client/server networks are more suitable for larger networks. A central computer, or 'server', acts as the storage location for files and applications shared on the network. Usually the server is a higher than average performance computer. The server also controls the network access of the other computers which are referred to as the 'client' computers. Typically, teachers and students in a school will use the client computers for their work and only the network administrator (usually a designated staff member) will have access rights to the server
ABOUT NETWORKING TYPE
Computer networking is an engineering discipline that aims to study and analyze the communication process among various computing devices or computer systems that are linked, or networked, together to exchange information and share resources.
Computer networking depends on the theoretical application and practical implementation of fields like computer engineering, computer sciences, information technology and telecommunication.
A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.
Two very common types of networks include:
• Local Area Network (LAN)
• Wide Area Network (WAN)
• Wireless LAN (WLAN), or a Wireless WAN (WWAN).
Local Area Network
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that is confined to a relatively small area. It is generally limited to a geographic area such as a writing lab, school, or building. Computers connected to a network are broadly categorized as servers or workstations. Servers are generally not used by humans directly, but rather run continuously to provide "services" to the other computers (and their human users) on the network. Services provided can include printing and faxing, software hosting, file storage and sharing, messaging, data storage and retrieval, complete access control (security) for the network's resources, and many others.
Workstations are called such because they typically do have a human user which interacts with the network through them. Workstations were traditionally considered a desktop, consisting of a computer , keyboard, display, and mouse, or a laptop, with integrated keyboard, display, and touchpad. With the advent of the tablet computer, and the touch screen devices such as iPad and iPhone, our definition of workstation is quickly evolving to include those devices, because of their ability to interact with the network and utilize network services.
Servers tend to be more powerful than workstations, although configurations are guided by needs. For example, a group of servers might be located in a secure area, away from humans, and only accessed through the network. In such cases, it would be common for the servers to operate without a dedicated display or keyboard. However, the size and speed of the server's processor(s), hard drive, and main memory might add dramatically to the cost of the system. On the other hand, a workstation might not need as much storage or working memory, but might require an expensive display to accommodate the needs of its user. Every computer on a network should be appropriately configured for its use.
On a single LAN, computers and servers may be connected by cables or wirelessly. Wireless access to a wired network is made possible by wireless access points (WAPs). These WAP devices provide a bridge between computers and networks. A typical WAP might have the theoretical capacity to connect hundreds or even thousands of wireless users to a network, although practical capacity might be far less.
Nearly always servers will be connected by cables to the network, because the cable connections remain the fastest. Workstations which are stationary (desktops) are also usually connected by a cable to the network, although the cost of wireless adapters has dropped to the point that, when installing workstations in an existing facility with inadequate wiring, it can be easier and less expensive to use wireless for a desktop.
See the Topology, Cabling, and Hardware sections of this tutorial for more information on the configuration of a LAN.
Wide Area Network
Wide Area Networks (WANs) connect networks in larger geographic areas, such as Florida, the United States, or the world. Dedicated transoceanic cabling or satellite uplinks may be used to connect this type of global network.
Using a WAN, schools in Florida can communicate with places like Tokyo in a matter of seconds, without paying enormous phone bills. Two users a half-world apart with workstations equipped with microphones and a webcams might teleconference in real time. A WAN is complicated. It uses multiplexers, bridges, and routers to connect local and metropolitan networks to global communications networks like the Internet. To users, however, a WAN will not appear to be much different than a LAN.
Wireless Wide Area Network
Wireless wide area network (WWAN) is a specific type of network that sends wireless signals beyond a single building or property. By contrast, a local area network or LAN connects computers and other hardware pieces inside a residential or commercial property. Wireless wide area networks and wireless local area networks also differ in the types of signal processing technologies they use.
While local area networks often rely on Ethernet, twisted-pair cabling or short-range wireless routers, a wireless WAN may use various types of cellular network systems to send signals over a longer distance. Large telecom providers like T-Mobile, Sprint, Verizon and AT&T typically support a wireless WAN in one way or another, and these larger types of networks often require some types of encryption or security that a local area network may not need.
Because wireless wide area networks rely on the same telecom systems that support the delivery of data and voice to and from modern tablet and smart phone devices, these larger types of networks may also be vulnerable to what’s called a spectrum crunch, where a current shortage in the limited amount of wireless spectrum frequencies may have an impact on how telecom providers can deliver services to a growing consumer base.
SOCIAL NETWORKING
A social networking service (SNS) is a platform to build social networks or social relations among people who share similar interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections. A social network service consists of a representation of each user often a profile, his or her social links, and a variety of additional services. Social network sites are web-based services that allow individuals to create a public profile, create a list of users with whom to share connections, and view and cross the connections within the system.