09-01-2016, 04:55 PM
Ivane El Basri
Professor Brown
Socl-2000-03 Qualitative Research
2 November 2015
Literature Review
Wechsler, Henry and Lee, Jae Eun and Nelson, Toben F. and Kuo, Meichun. 2002. “Underage College Students’ Drinking Behavior, Access to Alcohol, and the Influence to Deterrence Policies.” Pp. 223-236 in Journal of American College Health, VOL. 50, NO. 5.
Research question
Underage College Students’ Drinking Behavior, Access to Alcohol, and the Influence of Deterrence Policies
Method
Qualitative Survey Analysis
Data
Students from 120 colleges at 38 states
Empirical Findings
1 - In 2001, 43.6% of underage students were classified as binge drinkers; 2 - Underage students were less likely to drink any alcohol in the past year and participate in binge drinking in the past 2 weeks; 3 - They discovered significant decreases in the percentages of underage students who drank any alcohol from 1993 to 2001. 4 - Men played a significant role in this decrease. One cause of underage drinking included living arrangements. Students who lived in controlled settings wee less likely to binge drink. On the other hand, students who lived in fraternity or sortie houses were more likely to binge drink than students in any other type of residence; 5 - They discovered that the lowest rates of of binge drinking were students living in substance-free dorms or off campus with their legal guardian. 6 - One in 2 underage students detailed that alcohol was “very easy” to obtain (50.9%), while binge drinkers reported even higher accessibility to alcohol (56.9%).
Theoretical Implication
Although the national prohibition on alcohol use by underaged people, significant numbers of college students in the United States continue to drink heavily. Despite the proportion of underage drinking has decreased, the rate of binge drinking has remained constant. Unfortunately, frequent binge drinking have actually increase among students nationally.
Weschsler, Henry and Kuo, Meichun and Lee, Hang and Dowdall, George W. 2000. “Environmental correlates of underage alcohol use and related problems of college students.” Pp. 24-29 in American Journal of Preventative Medicine, VOL. 19, Issue 1.
Research Question
What is the nature of underage drinking among college students and how does it differs from the drinking of students who are of legal age?
Method
Survey Sampling Analysis
Data
Random sample of 7061 students aged 21 years and younger (defined as underage drinkers), 4989 students ages 21 through 23 at 116 4-year colleges in 39 states
Empirical Findings
1 - Two in three (63%) underage students reported drinking the past 30 days, compared with three in four (74%) of-age students. 2 - From those who drank in the past 30 days, underage stunts were less lilted to report drinking on more than five occasions. 3 - Underage students who drank any type of alcohol in the past year experienced more alcohol-related health and behavioral problems in the past year than did of-age students. 4 - More than one half (54%) of underage students indicated that it was very easy to obtain alcohol.
Theoretical Implications
Due to the easy access of alcohol, these experimenters impose that close monitoring at fraternity parties and the enforcement of laws against the sale of alcohol without a license (in the case of parties that charge an admission fee) are two areas to explore. Price is also another important part of intervention. Areas near college campuses are characterized by high density of alcohol outlets. Eliminating practices such as happy hours, special promotions, and the sale of beer in large volume could also be helpful and effective.
Weshler, Henry and Nelson, Toben F. 2008. “What We Have Learned From the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study: Focusing Attention on College Student Alcohol Consumption and the Environmental Conditions That Promote It.” Pp. 481-490 in Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs.
Research Question
What are the types of drinking college students engage in and the resulting consequences for themselves and for those around them?
Method
Qualitative Survey Analysis
Data
50,000 students at 120 colleges in 1993 and 2001
Empirical Findings
1 -1 About two in five students (44%) attending 4-year colleges in the United states drink alcohol participate in binge drinking or at a greater later; 2 - The drinking style of many college students is one of excess and intoxication. 3 - 48% report that drinking to get drunk is an important reason for drinking, 23% drink alcohol 10 or more times in a month, and 29% report being intoxicated three or more times in month; 4 -4 Binge drinking has an impact on college students’ academic performance, social relationships, risk-taking behaviors, and health. This form of drinking is associated with missing class, falling behind in schoolwork, engaging in unplanned sexual activity, failure to use protection during sex and lower grade point average
Theoretical Implications
In this article, it states how future prevention efforts need to be directed toward limiting the exposure of college students to intense marketing or increasing counter-advertising. Also, lessening the easy accessibility to low-priced alcohol and limiting the high density of alcohol outlets would help in the decrease in binge drinking. They also stated that the laws or policies at the college, state levels and community should be re-examined.
Neighbors, Clayton and Lee, Christine M. and Lewis, Melissa A. and Fossos, Nicole and Larimer, Mary E. 2007. “Are Social Norms the Best Predictor of Outcomes Among Heavy- Drinking College Students” Pp. 556-565 in J Stud Alcohol and Drugs.
Research Question
Are social norms the best indictor of outcomes among heavy-drinking college students?
Method
Qualitative Survey Analysis
Data
818 first-year undergraduates
Empirical Findings
1 - coping motives accounted for the largest proportion of unique variation for excess drinking. 2 - alcohol consumption meditated the relationships between predicators and problems for social norms, whereas coping motives, negative expectancies, and evaluation of negative effects were directly associated with alcohol problems despite having weak associations with consumption.
Theoretical Implications
This research implies that social norms are the best predictors of alcohol consumption and suggest that drinking to cope is a better predictor of problems.
Park, Crystal L. and Armeli, Stephen and Tennen, Howard. 2004. “The daily stress and coping process and alcohol use among college students.” Pp. 126- 135 in Journal of Studies on Alcohol.
Research Question
Do students drink more alcohol on higher-stress days than on lower-stress days?
Method
Qualitative Survey Analysis
Data
137 college students
Empirical Findings
1 - With daily coping, affect and weekly trends in drinking controlled for, students consumed more alcohol on days that had events perceived as relatively more stressful. 2 - Students also drank more on days characterized by relatively lower problem-focused coping and relatively higher positive and negative affect. 3 - Individual differences in several link in the daily stress coping-drinking process.