19-10-2012, 04:21 PM
Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks
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Introduction
A Network is defined as the group of people or systems or organizations who tend to
share their information collectively for their business purpose. In Computer terminology
the definition for networks is similar as a group of computers logically connected for
the sharing of information or services (like print services, multi-tasking, etc.). Initially
Computer networks were started as a necessity for sharing files and printers but later this
has moved from that particular job of file and printer sharing to application sharing and
business logic sharing. Proceeding further Tenenbaum [27] defines computer networks as
a system for communication between computers. These networks may be fixed (cabled,
permanent) or temporary.
A network can be characterized as wired or wireless. Wireless can be distinguished
from wired as no physical connectivity between nodes are needed.
Routing is an activity or a function that connects a call from origin to destination in
telecommunication networks and also play an important role in architecture, design and
operation of networks. Chapter 3 deals with more and more details related to routing
and its concepts.
Ad-hoc networks are wireless networks where nodes communicate with each other
using multi-hop links. There is no stationary infrastructure or base station for communication.
Each node itself acts as a router for forwarding and receiving packets to/from
other nodes. Routing in ad-networks has been a challenging task ever since the wireless
networks came into existence. The major reason for this is the constant change in
network topology because of high degree of node mobility. A number of protocols have
been developed for accomplish this task. Some of them are DSDV and AODV routing
protocols which are explained in the forthcoming chapters.
To summarize, this paper is organized in 9 chapters where Chapter 1 deals with an
introduction to Wireless ad-hoc networks. Chapter 2 compare traditional wired and
wireless networks. Chapter 3 is about routing. Chapter 4 deals with classification of
dynamic routing protocols. Chapter 5 deals with problem with routing in mobile ad-hoc
networks and classification of routing protocols in MANET’S. Chapter 6 and Chapter
7 explain briefly about DSDV and AODV routing protocols with their advantages and
disadvantages. And finally Chapter 8 is a discussion and conclusion on both the protocols
.
Introduction
Purpose of this work
Wireless ad-hoc networks have gained a lot of importance in wireless communications.
Wireless communication is established by nodes acting as routers and transferring packets
from one to another in ad-hoc networks. Routing in these networks is highly complex
due to moving nodes and hence many protocols have been developed. This Master thesis
concentrate mainly on routing protocols and their functionality in Ad-hoc networks
with a discussion being made on two selected protocols DSDV and AODV, ending with
their comparison.
Wired Vs Wireless Networks
The different types of networks available today are Wired and Wireless networks. Wired
are differentiated from wireless as being wired from point to point.
Wired Networks
These networks are generally connected with the help of wires and cables. Generally the
cables being used in this type of networks are CAT5 or CAT6 cables. The connection is
usually established with the help of physical devices like Switches and Hubs in between
to increase the strength of the connection. These networks are usually more efficient,
less expensive and much faster than wireless networks. Once the connection is set there
is a very little chance of getting disconnected.
Advantages
– A wired network offer connection speeds of 100Mbps to 1000Mbps
– Physical, fixed wired connections are not prone to interference and fluctuations in
available bandwidth, which can affect some wireless networking connections.
Disadvantages over wireless networks
– Expensive to maintain the network due to many cables between computer systems
and even if a failure in the cables occur then it will be very hard to replace that
particular cable as it involved more and more costs.
– When using a laptop which is required to be connected to the network, a wired
network will limit the logical reason of purchasing a laptop in the first place.
Wireless Networks
Wireless networks use some sort of radio frequencies in air to transmit and receive data
instead of using some physical cables. The most admiring fact in these networks is that
it eliminate the need for laying out expensive cables and maintenance costs.