13-09-2012, 01:34 PM
CA231-Microprocessors and its Applications Short Answers
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1. Define Microprocessor?
Microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable, clock-driven, register based electronic device that reads binary instructions from a storage device called memory, accepts binary data as input and processes data according to those instructions, and provides as output.
2. What is Hardware and Software?
The physical components of the system i.e. computer are called Hardware. Group of programs is called software.
3. Why the microprocessor is viewed as a programmable Device?
Microprocessor is programmable because it can be instructed to perform given tasks within its capability. Microprocessor is designed to understand and execute many binary instructions.
4. What is Central processing Unit ( CPU ) ? And Write the use of it.
CPU is a heart of the computer. Central processing Unit controls the operation of the computer. In a microcomputer the CPU is a microprocessor. The CPU fetches binary coded instructions from memory, decodes the instructions into a series of simple actions and carries out these actions in a sequence of steps.
5. What is a chip?
A chip is also called an integrated circuit. Generally it is a small, thin piece of silicon onto which the transistors making up the microprocessor have been etched. A chip might be as large as an inch on a side and can contain tens of millions of transistors. Simpler processors might consist of a few thousand transistors etched onto a chip just a few millimeters square.
6. What is mini computer?
Scaled down versions of mainframe computers are often called minicomputers. The main unit of a minicomputer usually fits in a single rack or box. A mini computer runs more slowly, works directly with smaller data words and does not have as much memory as mainframe. computers of this type are used for business data processing, industrial control and scientific research
7. What is System Bus?
The System bus is a communication path between the microprocessor and peripherals. It is nothing but a group of wires to carry bits.
8. What is Address Bus?
The address bus consists of 16, 20, 24 or 32 parallel signal lines. On these lines the CPU sends out the address of the memory location that is to be written to or read from. The number of memory locations that the CPU can address is determined by the number of address lines. If the CPU has N address lines, then it can directly address 2N memory locations. Simply, we can say that Address Bus is used to carry the address.
9. What is Data Bus?
The data bus consists of 8, 16, or 32 parallel signal lines. The data bus lines are bidirectional. This means that the CPU can read data in from memory or from a port on these lines, or it can send data out to memory or to a port on these lines. Simply we can say that data bus is used to carry the data .
10. What is Assembly Language?
A medium of communication with a computer in which programs are written in mnemonics. Binary instructions are given abbreviated names called mnemonics, which form the assembly language for a given processor.
11. What is Machine Language?
The binary medium of communication with a computer through a designed set of instructions specific to each computer.
12. Define Embedded Systems:
Embedded systems are those used to control specialized hardware in which the computer system is installed.
Microprocessor is the final product and is not available for reprogramming to the end user. E.g. Copying machine
13. What is Bit-Slice processor?
For some Applications , general purpose CPUs such as the 8080 and 6800 are not fast enough or do not have suitable instruction sets. For these applications ,several manufacturers produce devices which can be used to build the custom CPU. This family includes 4 bit ALUs, multiplexers, sequencers and other parts needed for custom building a CPU. The term slice comes from the fact that these parts can be connected in parallel to work with 8 bit words, 16- bit words, or 32 bit words.
14. What is microcontroller?
Microcontroller is a Device that includes microprocessor, memory and I/O signal lines on a single chip, fabricated using VLSI technology.
15. Write about the importance of instruction set of Z80 8bit microprocessor?
Instruction set 158 basic instructions . Instruction set is the most powerful set among the 8 bit microprocessors. It does not include two serial I/O instructions. It includes block I/O instructions