31-10-2016, 11:08 AM
1462284259-pooIEEE.docx (Size: 299.14 KB / Downloads: 12)
Abstract
A new sensitive microwave life-detection system which can be used to locate human subjects trapped under earthquake rubble or any other disasters. By advent of this system the world death rate may decrease to greater extent as large percentage of death occur due to earthquake. This system utilizes L-band frequency which is able to detect respiratory and heartbeat signals of human subjects through an earthquake rubble or a construction barrier of about 10-ft thickness. Previous methods for searching and rescuing human victims buried under earthquake rubble or collapsed building debris were the utilization of dogs, or seismic or optical devices. These devices are not effective if the rubble or debris covering the human victims is thicker than a few feet, especially for the case when the victims are completely trapped or too weak to respond to the signal sent by the rescuers.
1.Introduction
Most of the victims of earthquake or other natural disasters in the various parts of the worlds are trapped under rubble of the collapsed buildings. A detection of the victims can save his life. As in the radar application, the phase of the incident wave can be changed due to body vibrations.
Depending upon this fact “A Revolutionary System to Detect Human Being Buried under the Rubble” used to trap the buried victims under earthquake rubble or collapsed buildings by the utilization of microwave radio frequency has been designed. With the meteoric embedded systems along with microprocessor preventing deaths and providing safe guided measures. By advent of this system the world death rate may decrease to greater extent as large percentage of death occur due to earthquake. The advantages of microwave signals are fully utilized in this system.The L and S band microwaves are used here to detect the living body.
2. Motivation
The "Life detection system : Based on L and S bands Microwaves" is a new revolutionary embedded system to detect human beings buried under earthquake rubble or debris. "Thousands of persons killed as a cause of earthquake". The above words aren’t the headlines of the newspaper but daily news everyone come across whenever we go through a newspaper or watching over a TV news.
Rescue Robot can navigate deep into the rubble to search for victim by the use of temperature sensor but they are unable to trap once they go out of range..Information about the location of buried person would be of great value for the rescue personnel, since it would help to reduce the time of operation and thus, help to save more lives.
3. Problem statement
Existing ways to detect the human being under the earthquake rubble and collapsed buildings are utilization of the dogs, optical devices and acoustic life detectors and the rescue robot . But the dogs can detect the dead persons and this occupies the precious time which can be utilize to detect alive victims. Also, the optical devices have a limited number of degree of freedom, require expert operators and cannot be used in inaccessible area. Acoustical detectors such as geophones are simple to use but they require quiet working environments, a condition difficult to reach especially in critical situations . The Rescue Robot can navigate deep into the rubble to search for victim by the use of temperature sensor but they are unable to trap once they go out of range. Information about the location of buried person would be of great value for the rescue personnel, since it would help to reduce the time of operation and thus, help to save more lives. There is a need to construct a life detection system which can detect buried victims under earthquake or building debris most efficiently and as possible in short time.
4.Organization of seminar report
This seminar report is organized as follows. Chapter-2 gives overview of literature Survey that means it includes methodologies of different researchers. Later chapter-3 gives brief description about proposal method. It consists of document that is typically written by a scientist or academic which describes the ideas for an investigation on a certain topic. The research proposal outlines the process from beginning to end and may be used to request financing for the project, certification for performing certain parts of research of the experiment, or as a required task before beginning a college dissertation. Chapter-4 gives detailed description about applications, advantages, future scope. It produces the constraints and assumptions under which you will work and finally conclusion describes what was discussed in each chapter and how this is useful in future.
1. Literature survey
Images of events causing damage in which people have been trapped or buried under rubble serve as constant reminders of the vulnerability of the places where we live and work. To conduct rapid rescue operations, emergency forces all over the world need timely information on the exact position of people trapped or buried under rubble, information on the risk of collapse of debris and standardized intervention procedures as well as information on the state of the victims’ health.
History Collapse of man-made structures, such as buildings and bridges, occur with varying frequency across the world. In such a case, survived human beings are often trapped in the cavities created by collapsed building material. The concept of microwave life detection system was emerged with the development in the systems for rescue operation. Initial dogs were used to detect presence of human then acoustic detectors and robot radar come into existence. But these systems are having major drawbacks.
The history of “Revolutionary System to detect Human Being Buried Under the Rubble” starts with K. M. Chen who brings out the concept of detection of buried victims using microwave beam in 1985 . After the detailed study of microwave signals and Doppler’s effect, Ku Mem chen had been proposed including the basic principle for the operation of life detection system in 1991.
A Low Power Hand-Held Microwave Device for the Detection of Trapped Human Personnel by W. S. Haddad in 1997. The device, called the Rubble Rescue Radar (RRR) incorporates Micropower Impulse Radar technology which was developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory over the few years. In 2003 P. K. Banerjee and A. Sengupta proposed the basic block diagram for the clutter cancellation system.
In 2004, there was a concept of three band radar system proposed by M. Bimpas . The researcher put their effort to study the various effect various bands of microwave signals and depending upon this, a system which detect human being with ka-band with double sidebands have been proposed, in 2006. It states that a short wavelength of ka-band increases the sensitivity of antenna which will detect the small body vibration .
A paper on ‘An X-band microwave life detection system has been presented by Huey Ru in 2007. In this paper author present the idea of detecting human being located behind the wall using a microwave signal . The phase change of a reflected microwave signal will provide the precious information about the buried victim’s heartbeat as well as breathing . A rescue radar system is proposed by M. Donelli in 2011. In radar system a SAW oscillator is used to generate 10GHz frequency signals. While receiving through patch antenna the signal is process by the ICA (Independent Component Algorithm).