14-12-2012, 12:12 PM
SMART INDUSTRIAL INTELLIGENT LINE FOLLOWER ROBOT
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INTRODUCTION:
Embedded C for programming the application software to the microcontroller.
Portal schematic software is used for designing the circuit diagram for this project.
Express PCB software is used for designing the PCB for this project.
(Since PCB making is a big process and involves lot of machineries which are expensive, we are going to outsource this to the manufacturer.)
ABSTRACT:
The present condition in Industry is that they are using the crane system to carry the parcels from one place to another, including harbor’s .Sometimes the lifting of big weights may cause the breakage of lifting materials and will cause damage to the parcels too.
Application of the proposed system is for industries. The robot movement depends on the track. Use of this robot is to transport the materials from one place to another place in the industry. IR transmitter and receiver are used to find the obstacles in the path. RF transmitter and receiver are used to send/receive the command from/to robot/control unit. The IR and RF technology is one of the most widely used wireless communication technique in most of the embedded applications. For RF communication we are using the transmitter and receiver in the range of 433MHz. For IR transmissions the IR led is used in the frequency of 38 KHz.
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
This project is used to transport the materials from one place to another place in industries. This robot vehicle has the facility to find out its path. The path is tracking by proximity sensor. First, RF card number (Location) has to be loaded into the memory, this is done by using switch1and switch2 is used for storing corresponding number. After pressing the Start switch (switch3), according to sensor output signal the microcontroller controls the vehicle by using (forward/reverse/stop) the left and right side of the DC motor which are placed in vehicle. IR transmitter and receiver are used to find the obstacles in the path. The IR led will be switched on/off at a frequency and is received by the IR receiver. If any obstacle is placed in the path. The IR sensor fails to receive the light rays, this time it gives a signal to the microcontroller that an obstacle is present in the path. The microcontroller will stop the vehicle immediately and siren will ON. After 1 minute the robot will check the path status. If obstacle is removed the robot will move forward. Else robot will send message to control room. After 5 minutes the robot will check the path status. Still obstacle is not cleared the robot will turn in the opposite direction and it will travel to starting place. From the control office we can control the robots by sending commands from PC, this commands is encoded and sent through RF medium, the RF receiver in the vehicle will receive the commands and send to the microcontroller. The microcontroller will convert the decoded data and do the corresponding action.
LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)
LCDs can add a lot to your application in terms of providing a useful interface for the user, debugging an application or just giving it a "professional" look. The most common type of LCD controller is the Hitachi 44780 which provides a relatively simple interface between a Processor and an LCD. Using this interface is often not attempted by inexperienced designers and programmers because it is difficult to find good documentation on the interface, initializing the interface can be a problem and the displays themselves are expensive.
Vital role of LCD in ‘line follower robot’
LCD is connected to microcontroller as 4 pins for data and a single pin for register select and enable, LCD initialization is done by microcontroller, before initialization the LCD have to wait for 30 ms delay. The application of LCD in this project is used to display the status of vehicles, then if any obstacle is present it will display the obstacles present etc.
RF Encoder (HT 12E)
The 212 encoders are a series of CMOS LSIs for remote control system applications. They are capable of encoding information which consists of N address bits and 12_N data bits. Each address/ data input can be set to one of the two logic states. The programmed addresses/data are transmitted together with the header bits via an RF or an infrared transmission medium upon receipt of a trigger signal. The capability to select a TE trigger on the HT12E or a DATA trigger on the HT12A further enhances the application flexibility of the 212 series of encoders. The HT12A additionally provides a 38 kHz carrier for infrared systems.