08-08-2012, 12:33 AM
I want a basic instrumentation fundamentals ppt
08-08-2012, 12:33 AM
I want a basic instrumentation fundamentals ppt
08-08-2012, 09:36 AM
to get information about the topic "virtual instrumentation basics" related topic refer the link bellow https://seminarproject.net/Thread-remote...ontrol-lab
11-05-2013, 01:18 PM
VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION.docx (Size: 19.19 KB / Downloads: 31) Abstract Historically, Instrumentation systems used measuring rods, thermometers and scales. Now the instrumentation system consists of individual instruments, like a pressure gauge comprising of a transducer, signal conditioner, and display panel and it may also have a line recorder to record change in pressure. Virtual instrumentation extends to control process based on data collected and processed by computerized instrumentation system. In this paper, the discussion is about how virtual instrumentation can extend the capability of existing instruments, the applications of it in real world, comparison of virtual instrumentation with traditional instrumentation, the future of virtual instrumentation and the developments that came in virtual instrumentation. VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION History of Instrumentation Systems An instrument is a device designed to collect data from an environment, or from a unit under test, and to display information to a user based on the collected data. Historically, instrumentation systems originated in the distant past, with measuring rods, thermometers, and scales. In modern times, instrumentation systems have generally consisted of individual instruments. For example, an electro-mechanical pressure gauge comprising a sensing transducer wired to signal conditioning circuitry, outputting a processed signal to a display panel and perhaps also to a line recorder, in which a trace of changing conditions is inked onto a rotating drum by a mechanical arm, creating a time record of pressure changes. Even complex systems such as chemical process control applications typically employed, until the 1980s, sets of individual physical instruments wired to a central control panel that comprised an array of physical data display devices such as dials and counters, together with sets of switches, knobs and buttons for controlling the instruments. The introduction of computers into the field of instrumentation began as a way to couple an individual instrument, such as a pressure sensor, to a computer, and enable the display of measurement data on an instrument panel, displayed in software on the computer monitor and containing buttons or other means for controlling the operation of the sensor. Thus, such instrumentation software enabled the creation of a simulated physical instrument, having the capability to control physical sensing components. Virtual Instrumentation A virtual instrumentation system is computer software that a user would employ to develop a computerized test and measurement system, for controlling from a computer desktop an external measurement hardware device, and for displaying test or measurement data collected by the external device on instrument-like panels on a computer screen. A large variety of data collection instruments designed specifically for computerized control and operation were developed and made available on the commercial market creating the field now “Virtual instrumentation”. Virtual instrumentation thus refers to the use of general-purpose computers and workstations, in combination with data collection hardware devices, and virtual instrumentation software, to construct an integrated instrumentation system. A typical data acquisition (DAQ) system Synthetic instruments are defined as “a reconfigurable system that links a series of elemental hardware and software components with standardized interfaces to generate signals or make measurements using numeric processing techniques”. Block diagram of Synthetic instruments:Synthetic instruments are implemented on generic hardware. This is probably the most salient characteristic of a synthetic instrument. Generic means that the underlying hardware is not explicitly designed to do the particular measurement. Rather, the underlying hardware is explicitly designed to be general purpose. Systems built from synthetic instrument modules include basic measurement functions that can be reconfigured through software, somewhat like the concept of a software-defined radio (SDR) for commercial cellular communications. By providing enough basic, building-block functions, an SI system can be reconfigured simply by changing the software. Software in Virtual instrumentation Software is the most important component of a virtual instrument. With the right software tool, engineers and scientists can efficiently create their own applications, by designing and integrating the routines that a particular process requires. They can also create an appropriate user interface that best suits the purpose of the application and those who will interact with it. They can define how and when the application acquires data from the device, how it processes, manipulates and stores the data, and how the results are presented to the user. With powerful software, one can build intelligence and decision-making capabilities into the instrument so that it adapts when measured signals change inadvertently or when more or less processing power is required. An important advantage that software provides is modularity. When dealing with a large project, engineers and scientists generally approach the task by breaking it down into functional solvable units. These subtasks are more manageable and easier to test. Virtual instrumentation a boon • Flexibility Except for the specialized components and circuitry found in traditional instruments, the general architecture of stand-alone instruments is very similar to that of a PC-based virtual instrument. Both require one or more microprocessors, communication ports and display capabilities, as well as data acquisition modules.” What makes one different from the other is their flexibility and the fact that you can modify and adapt the instrument to your particular needs.” • Lower Cost By employing virtual instrumentation solutions, you can lower capital costs, system development costs, and system maintenance costs, while improving time to market and the quality of your own products. • Plug-In and Networked Hardware There is a wide variety of available hardware that you can either plug into the computer or access through a network. These devices offer a wide range of data acquisition capabilities at a significantly lower cost than that of dedicated devices. Why is Virtual instrumentation so successful? " Engineering trends are thus driving the development of the skills needed to adopt new technologies grounded in information science”. Virtual instrumentation achieved mainstream adoption by providing a new model for building measurement and automation systems. Keys to its success include rapid PC advancement; explosive low-cost, high-performance data converter (semiconductor) development; and system design software emergence. These factors make virtual instrumentation systems accessible to a very broad base of users. Virtual instruments takes advantage of increase in PC performance by analyzing measurements and solving new application challenges with each new-generation PC processor, hard drive, display, and I/O bus. These rapid advancements, combined with the general trend that technical and computer literacy starts early in school, contribute to successful computer-based virtual instrumentation adoption. |
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