08-10-2016, 03:44 PM
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Abstract:
“Spintronics”is an emergent NANO technology,whichusesthespinofanelectroninsteadoforinadditiontothechargeofanelectron.Electronspinhastwostateseither“up”or“down”.Aligning spins in materialcreatesmagnetism.Moreover, magnetic fieldaffectsthepassageofspin-upandspin-downelectronsdifferentlythepaperstarts with thedetaildescriptionofthe fundamentals and propertiesofthe spin of the electrons.Itproceedswithanoteonmagnetoresistance,thedevelopmentofGiantMagnetoresistance(GMR)anddeviceslikeMagnetoRandom AccessMemory,whicharethenewversionof the traditionalRAMs.ItdescribehowthisnewversionofRAMswhichcanrevolutionizethememoryindustry.Thereisalsodetailedexplanationoftheway,howthisrevolutioncanincreasethedatadensityinourmemorysystems.ItisfollowedbyanaccountofnewSpinFieldEffectTransistors.Italsospecifiesthe differencesbetweenelectronicdevicesandspintronicdevices.Italsogivesthehurdlesduetothepresenceofholes.This paperalsodiscusses about a quantumcomputer,whichuses qubitsratherthannormalbinarydigitsforcomputations.Italsogivesthehurdlesduetothepresenceofholes.
Finallyit endswithanoteonwhy weshouldswitchonthistechnology.Ranroadtrackandconveyor beltskepttheFord’sassemblelinerunning.At thattime, hismethodofproductionwaslaudedandwasconsideredmostefficient. But thatford’sassemblyplant,whichwasonlyeulogizedinhis time,willlook strangeto those whowerebornandraisedupinthe21stcentury.
Aferromagnetcanevenaffecttheflowofacurrentinanearbynonmagneticmetal.Forexample,inthepresent-dayreadheadsincomputerharddrives,whereinalayerofa
nonmaneticmetalissandwichedbetweentwoferromagneticmetalliclayers,themagnetizationofthefirstlayerisfixed,orpinned,butthesecondferromagneticlayerisnot.Asthereadheadtravelsalongatrackofdataonacomputerdisk,thesmallmagneticfieldsoftherecorded1’sand0`schangethesecondlayer’smagnetizationbackandforthparallelorantiparalleltothemagnetizationofthepinnedlayer.Intheparallelcase,onlyelectronsthatareorientedinthefavoureddirectionflowthroughtheconductoreasily.Intheantiparallelcase,allelectronsareimpeded.TheresultingchangesinthecurrentallowGMRreadheadstodetectweakerfieldsthantheirpredecessors;sothatdatacanbestoredusingmoretightlypackagedmagnetizedspotsonadisk.