31-05-2013, 04:04 PM
STUDIES ON IMPROVEMENT OF PERFORMANCE OF BIODIESEL OPERATED DIESEL ENGINE
STUDIES ON IMPROVEMENT.pptx (Size: 2.04 MB / Downloads: 60)
INTRODUCTION
BIODIESEL
Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl (methyl, propyl or ethyl) esters.
Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids (e.g., vegetable oil, animal fat (tallow[1][2])) with an alcohol producing fatty acid esters.
The National Biodiesel Board (USA) also has a technical definition of "biodiesel" as a mono-alkyl ester.
Objectives of the work
1. To produce biodiesel from non-edible vegetable oil.
2. To study the effect of temperature on biodiesel viscosity
3. To prepare a suitable preheater for the preheating of biodiesel
4. To conduct engine test with preheated and normal biodiesel
What is Biodiesel?
Alternative fuel for diesel engines
Made from vegetable oil or animal fat
Meets health effect testing (CAA)
Lower emissions, High flash point (>300F), Safer
Biodegradable, Essentially non-toxic.
Chemically, biodiesel molecules are mono-alkyl esters produced usually from triglyceride esters
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
1853 -Transesterification of a vegetable oil was conducted by scientists E. Duffy and J. Patrick.
10 AUG 1893 – Rudolf Diesel’s prime model, a single cylinder with flywheel at its base ran on its own power using peanut oil as fuel.
1900 – Otto company ran a small diesel engine with the help of ARCHIDE OIL
PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL
Biodiesel can be produced from straight vegetable oil, animal oil/fats, tallow and waste oils. There are three basic routes to biodiesel production from oils and fats:
Base catalyzed transesterification of the oil.
Direct acid catalyzed transesterification of the oil.
Conversion of the oil to its fatty acids and then to biodiesel.
Almost all biodiesel is produced using base catalyzed transesterification as it is the most economical process requiring only low temperatures and pressures and producing a 98% conversion yield.
Summary
Alternative fuels and energy sources are an issue of increasing importance - not only among the scientific and engineering community, but also in economics and public policy. Alternatives need to be compared on scientific and economic terms - which is not done well in the media.
Alternative fuels and energy sources provide an excellent opportunity to introducing a variety of science topics, and increasing student interest in those topics. Science and engineering fields are increasingly disciplinary - lessons on biodiesel can demonstrate that clearly, by showing the overlapping of biology, chemistry, and physics in studying this and other alternative fuels. It can also demonstrate to students that science is not independent of economics, and advancements in science can yield considerable benefit to the general public (i.e. shifting from petroleum fuels to domestically produced biofuels would create millions of jobs, improve our economy, reduce pollution enormously, and eliminate a key strategic concern for all countries - the dependence on foreign fuels).