15-05-2012, 12:29 PM
STUDY OF SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL
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Classification of cutting tools: All the cutting tools used in metal cutting can be broadly classified as:
Single point tools, i.e., those having only one cutting edge; such as lathe tools, shaper
tools, planer tools, boring tools, etc.
Multi‐point tool, i.e. those are having more than one cutting edge; such as milling
cutters, drills, broaches, grinding wheels etc. These tools may, for the sake of analysis,
be considered as consisting of a number of single point tools each forming a cutting
edge. The cutting tools can also be classified according to the motion as:
a) Linear motion tools‐ lathe, boring, broaching, planning, shaping tools, etc.
b) Rotary machine tools‐ milling cutters, grinding wheels, etc.
c) Linear and Rotary tools‐ drills, boring tools, boring heads, etc.
What are the various tool materials? Explain desirable properties of cutting tool materials?
Various cutting tool materials have been used in industry for different applications. A
number of developments have occurred in the 20 th century thanks to aerospace and
nuclear programmer. A large variety of cutting tool materials has been developed to
cater to the variety of materials used in this programme. The important characteristics
of a cutting tool material are:
Explain the necessity of a coolant in machining and its properties?
Cutting fluids sometimes referred to as lubricants or coolants are liquid and gases
applied to the tool and work‐piece to assist in the cutting operations.
Purpose of Cutting Fluids: Cutting fluids are used for the following purposes:
1. To cool the tool. Cooling the tool is necessary to prevent metallurgical damage
and to assist in decreasing friction at the tool‐chip interface and at the tool‐workpiece
interface. Decreasing friction means less power required to machine and
more important increased tool life and good surface finish. The cooling action of
the fluids is by direct carrying away of the heat developed by plastic deformation
of shear plane and that due to friction. Hence, a high film‐coefficient for heat
transfer is necessary for a good coolant. For cooling ability, water is very
effective, but is objectionable for corrosiveness and lack of friction reducing
wear.