29-11-2012, 01:44 PM
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS IN Hindustan Aeronautics Limited-HAL
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HAL LUCKNOW DIVISION
Lucknow division of HAL was established in 1970 with the primary objective of manufacturer system and accessories for various aircrafts and engines and the attaining self sufficiency in this area. The division started with manufacturing various system, air conditions and pressurization, gyro and barometric instruments, electrical item all under one roof to meet the requirements of the aircraft and engines being produced by HAL at that time.This was followed up with subsequent license agreement with Soviet Union for the manufacture of the same range accessories for MIG series of aircrafts Jaguar, MIG-27. The division also plans to manufacture similar range of items for civil aircraft CL, Aero, Donier and AN-32.
The division right from the beginning laid a lot of emphasis on developing indigenous capability for the design and development of various system and accessories so that the main objective of self sufficiency is achieved. Various accessories for Ajeet, Kiran and MIG series have been developed by its design bureau and have been over hauled. Till now more than 3000 aircraft, helicopters have been produced in HAL, nearly one third of which are indigenous design. Today a major part of fighter and trainer fleets of Indian airforce consist of HAL built aircraft, and indicator of the fulfillment of the objective of the self reliance in air defense capability of the country.
HAL has developed ALH and LCA both of which have attracted world wide attention. HAL has also been playing significant role the space and missile of the country. In tune with changing requirements, HAL has been giving a trust to diversification and export in recent years.
INSTRUMENTS
GYROSCOPE
BRIEF DESCRIPTION-
Gyroscope, any rotating body that exhibits to fundamental properties: Gyroscopic inertia, or rigidity in space, and precession, the tilting of the axis at right angles to any force tending to alter the plane of rotation. These properties are inherent in all rotating bodies, including the earth itself. The term gyroscope is commonly applied to spherical, wheel shaped, disk shaped bodies that are universally mounted to be free to rotate in any direction. They are used to demonstrate these properties or to indicate movements in space. A gyroscope that is constrained from moving around one axis other than the axis of rotation is sometimes called a gyrostat. In nearly all its practical applications , the gyroscope is constrained or controlled this way, and the prefix gyro is customarily added to the name of the application, as for instance, gyrocompass, gyrostablisar and gyro pilot.
APPLICATION OF THE GYROSCOPE
Gyroscopic Artificial Horizon Airplane pilots required instruments that provide information about their orientation especially when navigating through areas obscured by fog, cloud, or darkness. The artificial horizon instrument, whose functional elements are a pair off gyroscope, indicates an airplane’s orientation with respect to the horizon.
By using the characteristic of gyroscopic inertia and applying the force of gravity to cause procession, the gyroscope can function as a directional indicator or compass. Briefly, if a gyroscope is considered mounted at the equator of the earth, with its spinning axis lying in the east west plane, the gyro will continue to point along this line as the earth rotates because of ‘’rigidity in space for the same reason, the east end will rise (in relation to the earth) although it continue to point the same way in space. Attaching a tube partially filled with mercury to the frame of the gyro assembly in such a way that the tube as the gyroscope axle tilts, takes advantage of the affect of gravity about the horizontal axis of the gyro. In other words, the wait of mercury on the west or law side applies a force about the horizontal axis of the gyro. The gyro resist this force and precesses about the vertical axis towards the meridian. In the gyrocompass the controlling force are applied automatically in just right direction and proportion to cause the gyro axle to seek and hold the true meridian, that is, to point north and south.