04-03-2013, 04:16 PM
SUSTAINABLE DRILLING OF OIL & GAS WELLS
SUSTAINABLE DRILLING.pptx (Size: 2.48 MB / Downloads: 39)
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of drill rig is to drill a hole in the ground. The hole purpose is to tap an oil and gas reservoir.Rigs operate both on land and sea offshore . Drilling rigs are large and noisy and it has many pieces of equipments and most of its are huge.
FORMATION OF OIL
Oil and gas are naturally occurring hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons and their associated impurities occur in rock formation that are usually buried thousands of feet or meters below the surface.
FINDING OIL
Examine the surface rocks and terrain with the help of satellite images.
Use sensitive gravity meters to measure tiny changes in earth’s gravitational field that could indicate flowing oil.
Use sesimology,creating shock waves that pass through hidden rock layers and interpreting the waves that are reflected back to surface.
TOP DRIVES
Top drive is a device with a powerful built in motor that turns the pipe and bit. The motor turns a threaded drive shaft , which the crew inserts in to top of the drill string , it rotates the drill string and the bit.
THE DRILL STRING
The drill string consist of drill pipe and heavy walled pipe called drill collars, are metal tubes through which the drilling fluid is pumped. Drill collars are heavy because they are used in the bottom part of string to put weight on the bit. This weight presses down the bit so the bit cutters can bite in to the formation and drill it.
EXTRACTION OF OIL
After the rig is removed , a pump is placed on the well head . In the pump system an electric motor drives a gear box that moves a lever. This pushes and pulls the polishing rod up and down. The polishing rod is attached to the sucker rod , which attached to a pump. This system forces the pump up and down creating a suction that draws oil up through the well.