09-09-2016, 11:33 AM
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ABSTRACT:
The paper discusses about a new computing technology i.e, Screenless display, has become a good prospect in the near future for a wide range of applications. The idea behind this technology is displaying the image without physical screens like projector, LCD etc. This paper is survey paper which demonstrates how the screen less displays works and its applications in various fields of science. Using this display, we can directly project images onto the retina of human, free space and to the brain of human. It does not require high weight device and it will provide privacy at a high rate. Keywords- Hologram, VRD, LCD, Screenless.
INTRODUCTION:
Screenless display is nothing but a display that could be shot at anywhere the user wishes to have a screen.It can be anywhere such as on wall or in open space[1]. Nowadays technology is changing very drastically in existing machines or tools in order to solve problem at higher level. It can also be said that screenless display is a life-changing concept and also one of the most interesting topic for research. This technology solves the problem of space of display in one place. It is a system of displaying information/data though an electronic video source without using screen at all.
Screenless display is the present evolving computer-enhanced technologies. It will surely be the one of the greatest technological development in the future years. Several patents are still researching on this new technology which can change the whole view of the displays. Screenless Display was an excellent thought that came into many experts inorder to solve the major problems related to the size of the device. Lower space screen displays have made the need of screenless displays more than ever. Screenless, by the wordclearly means ‘no screen’. So, Screenless Displays can be defined as a display which helps to display and even transmit any information without the aid of screens
HISTORY BEHIND SCREENLESS DISPLAY:
Reto Meier, an “Android Developer Advocate for Google” recently laid out a fairly science-fiction account of where computer (or at least mobile) interfaces are headed[6]. Working on the average laptop is like working on a desk that’s as big as a sheet of paper. That’s why all our “files” are quite inch high. The solution to productivity and immersion is more, bigger screens - hence the proliferation of external monitors, another secondary reading devices and even cellphones with improbably large screens. So-called “Pico” projectors that are named for their tiny size already exist and also the HD version of it exists. And there are lot many mobile phones, which have built-in picoprojectors such as the Samsung Show, - so outside of market demand there’s nothing to stop this prediction from becoming a truth .
THE WORKING PRINCIPLE:
There are several new emerging ways for the technological development of the working principle of the screen less displays[4]. Several software’s are merging for the GEN-X wonder view. Any computer system that can run the mudoc software can present text that has been set in interactive movable type. Most of the mudocs that are consumed in the next few years will be consumed with conventional personal computers, e-book readers, and other kinds of display and projection devices that are now in use. Very soon it appears to be a new kind of input/output system will facilitate communication and interaction between the computer and the computer user. This new human/computer interface is the telereader terminal. Visual Image is a bitmap manipulation and composition product. Bitmaps can be manipulated independently, in the Image Mode or multiple bitmaps can be composited Together in the Object Mode to create a "collage". Visual Image can create and Manipulate images of any size: the only limitation is the amount of memory resources your system has.
Creating Visual Catalog Files with Visual Image Visual Image gives you the ability to create files in the EYE file format for use in the Visual Catalog program. These EYE files can be used to create catalogs of images in logical sub groupings: for example, you can create a catalog file in the EYE format that lists all images of building materials (brick, concrete, stone, etc.). The File, Export Project command creates an EYE file that refers to all of the images that are currently loaded into Visual Image. When you select this command, you are prompted to enter a filename for the EYE file that is to be created. If you have created any image in Visual Image that are not yet saved to disk you will be asked if you wish to include those images in the EYE file and if so, you are prompted to store those images as bitmaps. The File, Exports Editor Command in Visual Image allows you to pack and choose those image files on disk that you wish to include in a catalog EYE file [5]. When you select File in Export Editor, a file browser appears from which you can choose the image files to include. Use this browser to select images to add to a project file for use in Visual Catalog.
HOLOGRAM:
This form of photography provides a three dimensional image, and some technologies now creates images using lenses, helium neon and holographic film. The word holography comes from the Greek words λος(hólos; "whole") and γραφή (graph; "writing" or "drawing")[3].A 3D image will be projected and appears in the air whenever the laser and object beams overlaps with each other. Hologram provide high quality images and videos and the image can be viewed by human eye that is does not need any special observation device[10].
I. WORKING OF HOLOGRAM:
Holographs can work by using a laser beam that can interfere with an object beam. When these two beams get in the way of one another, they can create what looks like a three dimensional image. This image can then be recorded for processing by recording the diffraction of the light and the way in which the beams interfere with one another.
CLASSIFICATION:
• Visual Image
• Retinal Display or Virtual Retinal Display
• Synaptic Interface or Direct Neural Interface
I. VISUAL IMAGE:
Visual image are vise known as hologram, is display an image that is reflected by a substance than proceed by human eye. The display works on the principle that; light gets reflected by the intermediate object before it could reach to the retina[4]. The intermediate object can be holograms, windows, or even LCDs. Example of this type of display is Displayers’ air screen technology-The Displayers’ air screen projects images onto sheets of water droplets suspended in air, giving the illusion of a hologram. In cold fog projecting technologies, the images thrown by Displayer can be also respond rapid to multi-touch manipulation, as well as it can also allow taste and aroma to incorporated.IO2 technology also develop a similar display called the helium display which uses a micro-size airbase media to create images in free space[8]. Another example is google glass, which is virtual reality goggles. This technology is type of augmented reality visual image display that displays image right in front of our eye. Beside we have expanded in developing the displays for wearable contact lenses.
II. RETINAL DISPLAY
Retinal display (VRD) is a screenless display that projects light directly on to the eyes mechanism of sight- the retina of the eye, instead of image being reflected by any substance. This can create an effect of viewing an image from several feet away or a wider and clearer view of any object using special lasers or LEDs to scan light essentially into the optic nerve by mixing primary colors[7]. The same concept applies to the computer monitor which focus the viewed image onto the retina to be converted into signals for the brain by the optic nerve however VRD is more efficient and effective[9]. Glyph has also developed a Virtual Retinal Display. It also uses a MEMS(microelectromechanical system) type system. As shown in the figure 3.
III. SYNAPTIC INTERFACE:
Synaptic display is a type of screenless display that does not display an image in free media or onto the retina. It displays by transmitting the signals directly into the brain through the optic nerve. There are no light involved, basically electrical impulses. This method is tested on horseshoe crabs by recording nerve images. Therefore, furthering the neural code transmitted to the brain by the optic nerve. This display offers the possibility of providing sight for the blind by using implanted electronics to bypass nonfunctional parts of the eye[10]. It can give users the benefit to view images in greater coordination and complexity than the eyes capable of producing. However the method requires more research and development for further production of worldwide application can be implemented.
APPLICATIONS:
Medical field: By allowing the physician to view a virtual X-Ray of infected areas information concerning the patient during surgery. Virtual images produced by VRD could be layed-down with the patient by tracking the view of the physician in relation to the position of the patient.
Manufacturing field: The same concept as that is used in medical field can be used in manufacturing environment by viewing virtual blue print that uses C3 images to identify parts placement and operation information.
Transportation system: It can be beneficial in any transportation system by proving the display that can project virtual map of the surrounding area therefore inside vision of providing reference state train characteristics and craft instrumentation
ADVANTAGES OF SCREENLESS DISPLAY:
• It Displays the information directly into the retina of eye rather than displaying through screen like LCD monitor, touch screen display etc.
• It is one of the top 10 emerging technologies in IT field.
• We will be using screenless display technology during 2020s.
• 3D images are possible. • Ability to present far point images. • High quality and large angle of view are the other vital.
• Light weight and hence greater portability.
• Lower power requirement.
DISADVANTAGES OF SCREENLESS DISPLAY:
• VRD is not yet available in the significant number.
• Proyotypes and special experimental models are now being built, but their cost per unit is high.
PROFESSIONAL IMPACT:
Screenless display technology offers to enable: • Corporations • Businesses • Health-care systems • Government institutions • Non-profit organization.
To dynamically share the information as it relates to its specific environment. The edge of virtual information being confine to deices of staginess’ single monitor display can be replaced by screenless method. That provides the information that is • Highly portable • Versatile • Interactive The technology can be applied to any production environment by integrating test specific information that will greatly increase the access security of knowledge thereby, generating an efficient and effective manufacturing process which can also provide faster updates of performance matrix and changes. Screenless display consumes less power which offers in an economical benefit over standard monitor displays. They use less material to produce and no toxic elements like lead, arsenic, mercury and cadmium. The cost of the environmental impact by disposing displays is significantly less. Also virtualized meeting can be organized that saves time and expenses
CONCLUSION :
These displays are the future that would reach the world of all organizations and institutions by presenting the brighter and efficient and cost effective means of communication, fundamentally revolutionizing the approach to comprehending information. It will going to bring a revolution in the field of displays and will replace the current display technology that is touch-based. And also this screenless display technology promises of cost effective devices which will provide better privacy as compare to the present display devices.