17-10-2016, 10:45 AM
Seropositivity of Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Human immunodeficiency virus, Malaria and VDRL
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INTRODUCTION
Medical science rescue lives and serves the society with healthy well being.
All over the world, transfusion of human blood is an essential therapeutic procedure. Advancement of different screening methods of testing infectious disease improves the safety of blood supply. However, viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases can still be transmitted by transfusion. Thus, infectious complexities of transfusion remain an important area of concern in transfusion medicine.
Transfusion of blood has been used since 1930 for various indications, in different medical and surgical treatments.
Blood donation is saviour of many of lives. Albeit transfusion of blood have profound role to play in specific illness, still due to unsafe, unaware and careless practices the peril of transmissible diseases prevails.
“Pre-transfusion blood test has been made mandatory for Human immunodeficiency virus, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C Virus , Syphilis by WHO.”
It becomes an obligation for medical staff and others who are involved in transfusion procedures that blood transfusion should be conducted skillfully with proper donor selection and under strict criterions of blood banks mentioned under Indian Gazette, consequently preventing harm to the patient.
According to NACO guidelines, all mandatory tests should be carried out on donor’s blood samples for human immunodeficiency virus-HIV, hepatitis B virus- HBV, hepatitis C virus- HCV, Venereal diseases research laboratory-VDRL. The whole blood or components from any unit that tests positive should be discarded. [1] All over world carriers of chronic HBV among population of 350million people is approximately 7%.
In conditions like surgical and traumatic cases, leukemia, thalassemia, hemophilia, severe anemia, and pregnancy complications, transfusion of blood is required. Most
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INTRODUCTION
common cause in developing countries is severe anemia and complication of pregnancy.[2]
“In Blood Safety report for 2000-2001 WHO quoted that 500,000 of women got dead during pregnancy or within a year post delivery. 25% of these deaths were due to immense obstetrical bleeding. In the population of 5-29 age road traffic accidents were rated as second main cause of such injuries which requires blood transfusion.” [3]
Transfusion related diseases may cause severe Life - Menacing. In 1943 Beeson was the first to interpret Hepatitis as transfusion related disease. In 1965 HBV antigen was discovered, in 1973 HAV was known, and in 1988 HCV was identified.
“Serological tests are being suggested by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States of America in all donors to reveal the presence of the fatal transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs)-- syphilis, HbsAg, anti-human immunodeficiency virus, anti-human T lymphotropic virus-1, and anti-HCV, and anti-hepatitis B core antigen.”[4]
The degree of the transfusion transmitted infections differs in each country on the basis of population rate. It was analyzed that 1–2 per 1000 recipients were at risk of getting infected by viral, bacterial or parasitic agents through contaminated blood. Assumption has been made that among these causative agents mostly the viral agent is the cause for transfusion associated mortality and morbidity. [5]
India ranks as the second most populated country. The Sub-continental areas of India are researched and documented as the endemic zone for intermediate hepatitis B virus out of these HBsAg carriers are 2%-7%. It has been stated that globally, India stand as the second largest for prevalence of chronic HBV infection. [6]
Number of ways has to be implied for reduction of peril, it includes appropriate use and supply of safe blood and blood products, improvising donor selection, screening of blood to detect existence of infectious agents or markers produced by them.
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INTRODUCTION
An estimation of acquisition of the infections in the blood donors and eventually its safety is dependent on evaluation of seropositivity of HIV, HBV, HCV, VDRL, Malaria in blood donors. Also it assists knowing the epidemiology of the infections.
Hence, this study has been undertaken to evaluate the seroprevelance of transfusion transmissible diseases among healthy blood donors in specific socio economic group determined under Kuppuswamy’s Socio-economic Status Scale (KSESS).