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Abstract— In this paper, we propose a smart digital door lock
system for home automation. A digital door lock system is
equipment that uses the digital information such as a secret code,
semi-conductors, smart card, and finger prints as the method for
authentication instead of the legacy key system. In our proposed
system, a ZigBee module is embedded in digital door lock and the
door lock acts as a central main controller of the overall home
automation system. Technically, our proposed system is the
network of sensor nodes and actuators with digital door lock as
base station. A door lock system proposed here consists of RFID
reader for user authentication, touch LCD, motor module for
opening and closing of the door, sensor modules for detecting the
condition inside the house, communication module, and control
module for controlling other modules. Sensor nodes for
environment sensing are deployed at appropriate places at home.
Status of individual ZigBee module can be monitored and
controlled by the centralized controller, digital door lock. As the
door lock is the first and last thing people come across in entering
and leaving the home respectively, the home automation function
in digital door lock system enables user to conveniently control
and monitor home environment and condition all at once before
entering or leaving the house. Furthermore, it also allows users to
remotely monitor the condition inside the house through Internet
or any other public network. The biggest advantage of our
proposed system over existing ones is that it can be easily
installed when and where necessary without requirement of any
infrastructures and proper planning.
INTRODUCTION
HOME automation system is a computerized, intelligent
network of electronic devices, designed to monitor and control
the home appliances and lighting systems in a building. It
allows users to remotely monitor and control consumer
electronics through the external network such as Internet.
Home automation is the emerging field that has attracted the
attention in both the commercial and research field. Although
wired home networks were famous at the early developments
of home automation systems, nowadays wireless
communication is replacing the wired system which are very
messy and also difficult to setup. Fig. 1 shows the comparison
between the typical wired home server and our proposed smart
digital door lock system. As shown in the figure, wired system
requires proper planning and construction works for efficient
and clean design. It is the reason wireless communications are replacing the wired ones. Furthermore, wireless system
provides more flexibility and extensibility. That is, its
installation is free from construction works since it requires no
cabling works. Although many of wireless network solutions
such as Bluetooth, Ultra Wide Band (UWB), Wireless
Ethernet, and many more, are in the area of home networking,
ZigBee, a newly developing protocol for wireless sensor
networks based on the IEEE 802.15.4 specification, has
become the most attraction technique in the research and
commercial domains because of open standard, low-cost, and
low power characteristics [1]-[3]. Therefore, comparing to the
other wireless technologies, ZigBee protocol is suitable for
system environments, which demands less power consumption
and lower data-rates requirements.
The recent release of standards in the field, such as IEEE
802.15.4 and ZigBee, brought the technology out of research
laboratories and stimulated the development of numerous
commercial products such as home automation, building
automation, and utility metering [2]. ZigBee has been widely
used in sensor network applications and recently, it is also
been used for building home automation systems. [4] shows
the commercial application that can be built over ZigBee.
Considerable works have been done in home automation built
over ZigBee and some organizations are also providing their
works commercially [5].
Although the ZigBee based home automation system is in
the early development phase, most of the works till date focus
primarily on home automation providing limited or no security
for home. Thus, we come up with the novel approach of
integrating home security with the home automation. Apart
from the inherent door security provided by legacy door lock,
our system push the security one step further by protection
home against the different unnatural condition such as
burglary, fire breakout, gas leakage, and similar calamities.
Furthermore, it builds up home automation by providing the
master control panel for major home appliances and lighting
system at digital door lock and switching the home appliances
on/off depending on people presence and absence.
In this work, we have taken ZigBee network as the
backbone of our system. We propose a digital door lock based
home automation system, which exploits the full capacity of
ZigBee sensor network by integrating home security with
home automation. In our proposed system, a ZigBee module is
embedded in digital door lock and the door lock acts as the
central main controller of the entire system. Our proposed system is the network of sensor nodes with digital door lock as
base station. Sensor nodes are deployed at appropriate places
at home. Also, ZigBee modules accompanied by ZigBee relay
module are attached to the major home appliances for
controlling the power condition. The entire network can be
monitored and controlled through the digital door lock. As the
door lock is the first and last thing people come across while
entering and leaving the home respectively, the home
automation function in digital door lock system enables user to
control and monitor home environment and condition from a
single master control panel before entering or leaving the
house. Furthermore, it also allows users to remotely monitor
the condition inside the house through Internet or any other
public network. Our proposed system can be easily installed
anywhere (old or new buildings) without requirement of any
infrastructures and planning which is the biggest advantage
over existing ones.
The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: Section
II provides the structure of the proposed smart digital door
lock system. Section III presents the operation of the system.
Section IV shows the design of smart digital door lock.
Finally, conclusion is presented in Section V.
II. STRUCTURE OF PROPOSED SMART DIGITAL DOOR LOCK
SYSTEM
In this section, we first provide the brief description of
proposed system followed by the operation of the ZigBee
module, the digital door lock, and the sensor module. We use
the term ZigBee module to refer to the communication module
in ZigBee and sensor node to refer to the integrated node
consisting of ZigBee module, sensors, actuators, and other
supplementary circuits.
A. System Overview
Smart digital door lock is a system to monitor and control
several devices in the home. Our smart digital door lock system operates over wireless sensor network. It is a network
of sensor nodes with digital door lock as sink node as shown
in Fig. 1. The smart digital door lock system can be divided
into five parts: the control module, the motor module, the
sensor module, the communication module and the I/O
module. The control module consists of MCU embedded in
the digital door lock, which is the brain of the system. The
locking operation is controlled by the motor module. The
communication module is for communication between devices
and the control module. The user can access to the door lock
system through I/O module. The I/O module includes RFID
reader and digital dialpad for authentication, TFT Touch LCD
for controlling individual device and displaying the relevant
information.
Once the user is authenticated by the system, user can
monitor and control the home appliances from the central
control panel. To interact with the visitor, the door lock is
equipped with camera module, microphone, and speaker. The
touch LCD is provided at the both sides of the door. Thus, user
can easily monitor and interact with visitor other side of the
door through these devices.
B. ZigBee Module
ZigBee module includes RF communication module and is
used in digital door lock and sensor nodes. Fig. 2 shows the
structure of ZigBee moodule attached to home appliances.
The main componets of ZigBee module are ZigBee transceiver
and MCU. The ZigBee transceiver utilizes the commercial RF
chip,which has a modem for implementing the medium access
control (MAC) and physical (PHY) layers of IEEE802.15.4
operating in 2.4 GHz. MCU is a controller, which controls a
ZigBee transceiver, and execute programs [3]. ZigBee
contains a program memory for implementing the MAC, a
network layer, and an application layer. Whereas PHY and
MAC layers of the ZigBee stack architecture follows
recommendations of IEEE802.15.4, interface of application
layer is defined by the ZigBee Alliance.