25-08-2017, 09:32 PM
Smart Home security system Project Report
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Abstract
A smart home is a home with advanced technology installed compared to other homes. A smart home
takes trivial decisions that a user needs to take and is both economic and environmental. Furthermore,
it has advanced security compared to other houses and can send SMS, MMS to the user for actions that
occur inside his house while he is away. Finally, this report discusses the analysis, design and
implementation of a smart home from the start until the end and includes research that was done for it.
Introduction
What are smart homes and their benefits Smart homes are homes technologically advanced than
other homes that get benefit of the current existing technology in order to achieve the wanted home
automation. The wanted home automation may vary from owner to owner of a smart home. As a result,
the different companies that develop the smart homes have different aims and objectives depending on
their knowledge and on their target market requirements. Home automation can offer benefits on
many fields that a home requires. It can offer security, energy efficiency, automation, remote control,
remote access to information of home, be environmental friendly and generally anything that can be
achieved by the current technology. As a result, a smart home is in essence home automation that is implemented in a home in order to fulfil the requirements of a user. That may include: trivial decisions
such as to automatically open the lights and close them, up to complex actions such as a user enters a
room, the smart home realizes who that user is, and opens the lights and the television on the specific
program he watches. Finally, the next section discusses why there is a need for home automation. 1.2
Why is there a need for home automation? The need for home automation becomes more obvious
when people become familiar with the new trends of technology. The people slowly develop more
expectations from technology and realize how much they could benefit from it. Then, home automation
takes place. The home automation can offer a lot to a home. The most important benefits are the
security, the notifications to the mobile phone of a user, the energy efficiency and therefore
environmental friendly and finally the automation itself. The automation can save a lot of time to an
owner of a smart home. This is because the garden will get automatically watered, the geyser will have
always have hot water from the solar energy, the lights will be opened only when someone is in the
room and so on. This means the owner will have to take less actions which equals to more free time.
Furthermore, the home has fewer bills, the owners of the home are more relaxed and become less tired
by trivial actions and finally, all this can mean in the end fewer bills. As a result, the home automation is
needed to make our lives easier, better, healthier, relaxed and finally, happier
Literature Review
Introduction to smart homes A smart home is a home with advanced technology installed compared
to other homes. This technology is being used in order to achieve some aims such as automation of
housework or household activity, which is why it can also be called as home automation . Furthermore,
a smart home controls the heating, ventilation and air conditioning according to user needs without
requiring the user to take any actions. Moreover, home automation includes all devices that exist in the
house such as geyser, coffee pot, garage door, home entertainment systems, yard watering and other
devices which can be controlled by it. This improves the convenience and comfort of the user while it provides energy efficiency and security . The design of a smart home could also include the control of
domestic robots but also a computer network which can be connected to the internet and thus the user
can gain remote control access to the smart home over the internet. The computer network is providing
the option to communicate with the whole house at the same time in all devices and to transfer
information about what actions occur. As a result, the computer can take actions accordingly and
control the house as the user wishes . Usually the necessary infrastructure for a smart home (cables,
automations and other devices) is placed in a building while it is constructed because it is easier.
However, it is still possible to add the infrastructure later, but it requires more effort and time while the
cost rises significantly
Smart home and components of it
The main computer can be from a notebook up to a normal computer or even an embedded computer
depending on the companies’ choices. The programming languages that are being used usually are: C,
C++, C#, Visual Basic, Java while there are more options, the most commonly used, are those. Finally,
there exist devices that assist in the control of the home. These usually require a microcontroller. This
microcontroller will have to be programmed and the most used programming languages are: Basic, C,
and Pascal . It is worth mentioning that usually a compiler is being provided by the companies that sell
the microcontroller. As a result, with all of these choices if they are put together they can form a smart
home which can do almost everything as the most known smart homes that exist currently. The red and
green dots are devices that could be connected to smart home network and be controlled it.
Password system with smart security
In our project a password system will be connected with a U shaped box in front of the
door. In this u shaped box we will have to enter our hand in a specific pattern.when the box will judge the
right pattern our password system will get switched on.
Now for writing the password we have to scroll the cover of the password keypad. The moment we scroll
the cover a camera will start focusing towards the user. Now we need to enter the right password to enter
into the room
Autometic light follower
Now when a person entered into the room, a spot light will focus on the switch board of the
room, Where we will have to press a specific button to discard the security. If a person moves without
pressing the switch, a light will start following him where ever hr goes.
Introduction to the system
This smart home system is composed by three major types of devices. The first and most important type
of device is the Control Device. This device was specifically designed and built for this project, with the
help of an electrical engineer, for the specifications of the project. The function of this device is to act as
in interface between the computer and home devices (light switches, heating elements, etc.) andsensing elements (alarms, temperature and light sensors, etc.). More details about this device will
follow. The second type of device is the computer where the main software controls the smart home.
Finally, the third device is the GSM, a device that the computer can use to communicate with any mobile
phone via SMS exchange. The Control Device can function either as Master or Slave. There is only one
Master Control Device (MCD). The MCD is the only control device that communicates directly with the
computer. However, the MCD communicates with all the Slave Control Devices and stores all the events
that occur
Description of Slave Controller Device/s
The first mini project was the SCD (see Figure 12 Control Device) this device was specifically designed
and built for this project, with the help of an electrical engineer, on our specifications. The SCD is used
by the smart home in order to sense the environment and to control other devices with on/off status.
This device is supposed to be placed in each room in order to have full control of the home.
Furthermore, there are two ways of communication, via wireless (Wi-Fi) or via cable (RS-485). This
means that the user is able to decide which way of communication wishes. It is worth mentioning that
depending on the communication type, wireless or cable, a different software program is placed at the
microcontroller. Overall, this device (SCD) is the mean that the smart home senses and communicates
with the environment inside a home. Finally, in order for this device to work exactly as it works now,
there were some hardware requirements which they will be analysed and be mentioned in the next
section “Hardware specifications
Hardware specifications of Slave Controller Device/s
There were a number of requirements for the hardware. The first requirement was to include a
reasonable number of input and output ports. An important consideration in the decision of this number
was the price. The more ports the Control Device includes, the more expensive it becomes. Considering
that each device will be placed on a separate room of the home, the reasonable number was eight. This
is because the smart home software can control only a small number of common devices that exist
inside a home. As a result, an average number of these devices that exists inside a room are around five
to six. An addition reason for the number eight is because the chip that is used to control the output and
input ports can support up to eight ports. The second requirement was to be able to communicate with
two ways: wirelessly and via a cable depending the requirements of the users. As a result, two different
software programs were made for each case. The third requirement was to be able to communicate
with an RFID device; therefore, there was a need for the RS-232 port because this is a requirement from
the specific RFID device used. The fourth requirement was to communicate with the MCD; therefore,
there was a need for a serial port and the RS-485 port was chosen. The RS-485 was chosen because it is
one way communication and the algorithm used for the MCD to scan the SCDs is round robin (see Figure
19 Round Robin Example). More details about how the MCD scan algorithm works will be explain on the
following page and on the mini project
Earthquake waves sensor
If you live in an earthquake zone, a device like that may be helpful for you, though it is not a full
protection. When an earthquake occurs, two kinds of waves are emitted from the centre:a primary wave and a secondary wave. The primary wave causes a small shaking, but it is faster.
Therefore the primary wave is the first sign of an earthquake if your house is located some kilometres
away from the centre.
In the images below you can see a simple quake waves sensor, which I built by myself.
That device consists of an high sensitive lever, which is hooked to a spring. A weight is fixed at the end of
the lever. When the sensor shakes, a screw fixed on the lever will touch a second spring, and it will close
a circuit which drives a piezoelectric bell. A delay off circuit is used to send a stable signal to the bell.
The lever works with a frequency of about 2 Hz.