29-09-2014, 02:50 PM
Solar Mobile Charger
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Abstract
It works on the principle that when light falls on the solar cell, electron -hole pairs are created in the n-type emitter and in the p-type base. The generated electrons (from the base) and holes (from the emitter) then diffuse to the junction and are swept away by the electric field, thus producing. Certain modules are selected and worked out to suitable specifications. The development of solar charger goes from the fundamental level like soldering lamination and making the panel etc. The developed charger is planned for 6 Volts with maximum capacity at bright sunlight and step down to 5Volts using regulator. In the report, the detailed experimental characteristics of mobile charger are done.
Solar energy is the energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process. The process creates heat and electromagnetic radiation. Only a very small fraction of the total radiation produced reaches the Earth. The radiation that does reach the Earth is the indirect source of nearly every type of energy used today. The radiation that does reach the Earth is the indirect source of nearly every type of energy used today. The exceptions are geothermal energy, and nuclear fission and fusion. Even fossil fuels owe their origins to the sun; they were once living plants and animals whose life was dependent upon the sun. Much of the world's required energy can be supplied directly by solar power. More still can be provided indirectly. The practicality of doing so will be examined, as well as the benefits and drawbacks. In addition, the uses solar energy is currently applied to will be noted.
Due to the nature of solar energy, two components are required to have a functional solar energy generator. These two components are a collector and a storage unit. The collector simply collects the
Introduction
Given the current energy crisis and increasing need for sustainable energy, we endeavoured to create a cost-effective, small-scale electrical generator which could be used to power consumer electronics. Solar energy has proven its worth as an alternative energy source because it is low-impact and emission-free. It has been implemented with much success for power grids with hundreds of acres of enormous solar concentrators. In the small-scale, solar energy has been harvested through the use of photovoltaic (PV) panels and have been used to power anything from an iPod to a residential home. Although PV systems are considered part of the green energy revolution, materials utilized for its construction (like silicon) are extremely dangerous to the environment and much care must be taken to ensure that they are recycled properly. PV cells also only utilize the energy stored in specific wavelengths of light and therefore have an approximate efficiency between 14-19%. Sunlight, however, produces immense amounts of heat which only serves to heat up the surface of the solar cell. Although there are some PV cells that have reached efficiency levels over 40% (world record is 41.6%), they are enormously complex and expensive. Concentrated solar power (CSP) works differently because it focuses solar energy in its entirety rather than absorb it. Ultimately, our group will be designing and producing a Solar Powered Battery Charger.
One of the major contributions done in the case of solar charger is the use of photovoltaic cell. The photovoltaic cell forms a major part in the field of Opto-Electronic Devices. The term "photovoltaic" comes from the Greek means "light", and "voltaic", means electric ,from the name of the Italian physicist “VOLTA "after whom a unit of electro-motive force, the volt is named. A photovoltaic cell is an
Methods, Assumptions and procedures
Methods:
Some simple methods are used for making the solar mobile charger and some simple components are used. The hardware components used are:
1. Solar Panel
2. Voltage Regulator
3. Resistors
4. Switch
5. Output Jack
Explanation:
1. Photons in sunlight hit the solar panel and are absorbed by semiconducting materials, such as silicon.
2. Electrons (negatively charged) are knocked loose from their atoms, allowing them to flow through the material to produce electricity. Due to the special composition of solar cells, the electrons are only allowed to move in a single direction.
3. An array of solar cells converts solar energy into a usable amount of direct current (DC) electricity.
Results and discussion
Applications:
1. Relatively small size allows mobile use (ideal for camping and other recreation)
2. System requires no electrical start-up power
3. Solar concentrator can be used with any heat source
4. Higher efficiency than photovoltaic (PV) systems of the same scale
5. Ability to recharge AA batteries anytime and anywhere there is sunlight
6. Low maintenance, emission-free and environmentally-friendly power source.
Features:
1. Versatile and effective solar concentrator (numerous available heat sources)
2. Charges (1) standard capacity AA Nickel-metal hydride cell (NiMH) in 4-8 hours
3. Outputs constant rate of charging current
4. Intelligent battery charging.
5. Some models of cell phones have a built in solar charger and are commercially available for GSM cell phone models.
6. Solar cell phone chargers come in different shapes and configurations including folding and rotating types.
A solar mobile charger is one of the most energy efficient ways of charging a mobile phone and charging all other types of electronic gadgets. But there are also a few limitations for a solar mobile charger.
One of the major disadvantage is it is not cost effective and is expensive than a normal charger. Another problem is whether all gadgets can use a solar mobile charger and it has not been tested till now.
Conclusion:
Future scope:
To make sure we have plenty of energy in the future, it's up to all of us to use energy wisely.
• We must all conserve energy and use it efficiently. It's also up to those who will create the new energy technologies of the future.
• All energy sources have an impact on the environment. Concerns about the greenhouse effect and global warming, air pollution, and energy security have led to increasing interest and more development in renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, geothermal, wave power and hydrogen
• In solar mobile charger ripples will not be there as we use DC power directly to charge the mobile.
• Battery life is more as high voltages are not developed.
• Versatility of Solar mobile charger is high.
• Life of the battery will be high as we use solar mobile charger.
• Adaptability is high.
Thus the solar mobile charger is highly applicable in today’s world where there is a continual depletion of energy resources. But solar energy is one of the most renewable source of energy and using it for the most simplest of purposes i.e. for charging mobile phones is just the beginning of the world of solar power.