19-08-2014, 11:18 AM
Optimization of process parameters for bioscouring, i.e., pH, time, temperature and enzyme concentration was carried out on 100 % cotton woven fabric. Performance of the crude enzyme in bioscouring was compared with a commercial bioscouring enzyme, pectinase enzyme and with conventional caustic scouring. Similarly the application of crude enzyme was carried out on 100 % cotton knit fabric. Further, the dyeing of the bioscoured knitted fabric was carried out with and without peroxide bleaching.
In the present study, two known pectinolytic enzyme sources sited in literature7, namely, one bacterial, i.e. Bacillus polymyxa and the other fungal, i.e. Aspergillus niger were used for the production of pectinase by submerged state fermentation in Hankin\'s nuitrient media8. Quantitative estimation of the crude pectinase thus produced was done by Di-Nitro Salicylic Acid (DNSA) method. The pH and temperature required for maximum enzyme activity was estimated. Aspergillus niger showed higher enzyme activity than Bacillus polymyxa. Hence, it was used for further application studies. The crude enzyme obtained was directly used for bioscouring without purification or concentration.
Optimization of process parameters for bioscouring, i.e., pH, time, temperature and enzyme concentration was carried out on 100 % cotton woven fabric. Performance of the crude enzyme in bioscouring was compared with a commercial bioscouring enzyme, pectinase enzyme and with conventional caustic scouring. Similarly the application of crude enzyme was carried out on 100 % cotton knit fabric. Further, the dyeing of the bioscoured knitted fabric was carried out with and without peroxide bleaching.
Requirements on dye formulations are becoming more manifold and increasingly important. They cannot be met by common powder brands which create dusting problems. The move towards liquid dyes has been accelerated as dyestuff manufacturers strive to produce non-dusting dyes. Liquid dyes,not only solve handling problems, but also help in process automation and high fixation leading to lesser effluents6. The ideal properties of liquid form dyes are that they should be stable in liquid form, i.e., pourable and be able to pump. It should contain small amount or none of organic solvents of low toxicity preferably of neutral pH. It should be miscible and compatible with one another, within the same dye group and possible with other dye groups.
Two liquid dye formulations, namely, one reactive and the other disperse, have been made. The % purity of these liquid formulations have been studied against their commercial powder forms. The application of these dyes on 100% Cotton and Polyester woven fabrics is carried out and their efficacy is tested vis-à-vis powder dyes.