18-09-2014, 03:38 PM
TETHERING
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INTRODUCTION
Tethering refers to connecting one device to another. In the context of mobile phones or Internet tablets, tethering allows sharing the Internet connection of the phone or tablet with other devices such as laptops. Connection of the phone or tablet with other devices can be done over wireless LAN (Wi-Fi), over Bluetooth or by physical connection using a cable, for example through USB.
Tethering allows you to use your smartphone as a modem, so you can use it to connect another device to the internet. You can tether any compatible device with a USB port, or Wi-Fi or Bluetooth connectivity – like your laptop, game consoles and tablets. Check if your plan allows for tethering.
If tethering is done over Wi-Fi, the feature may be branded as a Mobile Hotspot. The Internet-connected mobile device can thus act as a portable wireless access point and router for devices connected to it.
Many mobile phones are equipped with software to offer tethered Internet access. Windows Mobile 6.5, Windows Phone 7, Android (starting from version 2.2), and iOS 3.0 (or later) offer tethering over a Bluetooth PAN or a USB connection. Tethering over Wi-Fi, also known as Personal Hotspot, is available on iOS starting with iOS 4.2.5 (or later) on iPhone 4, 4S, 5, iPad (3rd generation), certain Windows Mobile 6.5 devices like the HTC HD2, Windows Phone 7 devices (varies by manufacturer and model), and certain Android phones (varies widely depending on carrier, manufacturer, and software version).
For IPv4 networks, the tethering normally works via NAT on the handset's existing data connection, so from the network point-of-view, there is just one device with a single IPv4 network address, though it is technically possible to attempt to identify multiple machines.
On some networks, this feature is only contractually available by paying to add a tethering package to a data plan or choosing a data plan that includes tethering. This is done primarily because with a computer sharing the network connection, there may well be a substantial increase in the customer's mobile data use, for which the network may not have budgeted in their network design and pricing structures.
Some network-provided handsets have carrier-specific software that may deny the inbuilt tethering ability normally available on the handset, or only enable it if the subscriber pays an additional fee. Some operators have asked Google or any mobile producer using Android to completely remove tethering support from the operating system on certain handsets. Handsets purchased SIM-free, without a network provider subsidy are often unhindered with regards to tethering.
USB Tethering
With USB tethering, you’ll need to install device drivers on your laptop and PC, and then plug in your smartphone to a USB port, and then use your computer’s connection manager to access your mobile data by setting up your smartphone or tablet as an USB modem. One of the biggest advantages to using USB tethering is that your handheld device will be charged as well when plugged in to your laptop, so there won’t be any battery drainage. But, USB tethering allows for only one-to-one connections, and of course, requires an USB cable
Wi-Fi Tethering
WiFi Tethering, also known as Mobile Hotspot, is the one of the more commonly used forms of tethering, mostly because connections to multiple WiFi-enabled devices is possible. The smartphone or tablet that is connected to a mobile data network can be setup as a WiFi router, allowing for a one-to-many connection type. All you need to do is turn on the Mobile Hotspot on your device, and connect your laptop the same way you would to any other WiFi network. While this option is easy to set up and convenient if you’re looking to connect multiple devices, using WiFi tethering results in a significant drain in battery life
Bluetooth Tethering
If you don’t have an USB cable handy, and are looking for longer use, Bluetooth tethering is the option for you. Bluetooth tethering is included as as in-built feature of Android since Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich. It’s easy to setup bluetooth tethering, since all you need to do is pair your smartphone to your laptop, and then set up the connection type on your laptop bluetooth settings. While speeds maybe slower (depending on your mobile data connection and bluetooth version) than WiFi tethering, the biggest advantage to Bluetooth tethering is that the battery drain is much lower compared to WiFi tethering. Like USB tethering, only one connection is allowed via bluetooth.
HOW TO TETHER
Tethering with Android
It’s stating the obvious to say that smartphones have had a huge impact on various aspects in our lives, and a primary cause for the “always connected” society that we’re slowly but surely inching towards. With abundant Wi-Fi and broadband internet services, and data plans from network carriers becoming cheaper, or at least, providing more data at the same price, staying online on a portable handheld device has never been easier. And if you have a 3G/4G-device, and ever find yourself needing to urgently connect to the internet on your laptop or other Wi-Fi only device, you can do so using your smartphone or tablet. That is where “tethering” comes in.
Tethering with iphone
Mobile users love to connect to the Internet, and they want to be able to get online from anywhere. In response, Wi-Fi hotspots are popping up all over the world, offering Internet connectivity in diverse environments. But despite the enormous increase in wireless hotspot numbers, many areas still lack coverage, leaving you and your devices stranded.
Tethering is a way to share an iPhone's cellular data connection with other nearby computers and wireless devices. When tethering is enabled, the iPhone functions like
Tethering In Vehicals
Automakers and mobile operators are striving to make the connected car a reality on a large scale.
These efforts to make consumer services seamless, using different connectivity options, pose many challenges. GSMA has been working closely with operators and automakers in overcoming existing barriers to embedded connectivity (built-in modem with a dedicated SIM).
While the challenges facing embedded technology are being addressed, tethered solutions (based upon IP sharing) are being considered by automakers. Tethering advocates note that tethering could help to seed the market for some connected services, increase consumer understanding and adoption, and hence create a strong foundation for making the shift to embedded connectivity in the future. Even advocates of tethering, however, recognise that it fits a specific purpose for certain
services and remains inappropriate for others (such as remote control of vehicle environment and safety & security critical services).
This paper focuses on highlighting the existing tethering challenges and impacts of the existing barriers, in particular the risk of alienating the end user to connected services in general. The paper, importantly, also identifies potential opportunities for cross-industry action to overcome the challenges for tethered solutions, in the hopes of bringing connected car services a little closer to working out-of-the-box for consumers, whilst still making a positive contribution to the business of mobile operators.
Consumer Confusion on Tethering
The availability, usage policy and pricing of wireless tethering solutions for IP sharing varies considerably from operator to operator, handset to handset, technology to technology and even tariff to tariff, making it very difficult for consumers to easily understand the implications for them.
Consumer confusion in understanding if, how and at what cost they can enable tethering on their smartphones raises concerns for automakers trying to use this solution to stimulate and kick-start the market for connected services.
Benefits of Tethering
Tethering enables us to go online from our laptops, tablets, and other mobile devices like portable gaming systems even without a built-in 3G or 4G mobile data plan. It's especially helpful in situations where there's no other means of Internet access: when there's no Wi-Fi hotspot like a Starbucks around, for example, or your cable modem goes on the fritz, or you're on a dirt road in the middle of nowhere and need an online map quick...you get the idea.
If you're already paying for data service on your cell phone and your wireless provider doesn't require any extra fees for using your cell phone as a modem for your laptop, tethering can also save you money, since you won't have to pay for separate mobile broadband service or buy additional hardware just to get your laptop connected.
You can also surf the web more securely using a tethered cell phone, because your information is being sent directly through the phone versus, for example, over a public open wireless hotspot.
Finally, tethering could help you conserve laptop battery power, because you can turn off Wi-Fi on your laptop while you use your phone as a modem (that is, if you make the connection over cable rather than wirelessly).
Tethering Issues or Obstacles
Using your cell phone's data service for your laptop will, however, drain the phone's battery more quickly, especially if you're using Bluetooth to connect your phone and laptop. If you have a USB port on your laptop that can charge devices, tethering via USB would be a better way to connect than doing it wirelessly, because of that battery issue.
Also, keep in mind that the speed you get on a tethered device may not be as fast as you might expect even on the cell phone itself because the information has to take that extra step over the air or through the wire (USB connections will generally be faster than Bluetooth). With 3G service on your handset, upload and download speeds will typically be less than 1 Mbps. If you're in an area not covered by mobile broadband, you'll likely get speeds only a few times faster than dial-up.
Depending on your particular phone and connection method, you also may not be able to use your voice service on the cell phone (such as getting calls) while it is tethered.
The biggest obstacle, though, is just being able to tether your cell phone to your laptop at all. Each wireless carrier has a different set of rules and service plans for allowing tethering, and each cell phone device may have its own limitations. How to tether your cell phone will largely depend on your cell phone service provider and your cell phone model. The major wireless carriers in the US are now charging extra monthly fees just to tether your phone or use a phone as a Wi-Fi hotspot for more than one device to go online.
FUTURE OF TETHERING
Tethering is the practice of using a mobile device (such as a cell phone) as a modem to connect another device (such as a laptop) to the Internet. A tether is a long leash. In phone tethering, the leash is either a USB cable or a wireless Bluetooth connection.
In the context of GSM mobile phones, tethering describes the process of connecting a phone to a computer so that the computer can access the internet via an EDGE/UMTS/HSDPA network. In this way, the mobile phone acts as a modem for the computer.
That specific use of the word "tethering" stems from the fact that to be used as a modem, the mobile phone usually has to be connected to the computer via a USB data cable. In recent years however the same thing has become possible without cables by using a Bluetooth connection.
Thus, tethering has turned into a generic term for using your mobile phone as a GSM modem for your computer.
Some carriers require that you sign up for special plans in order to use your phone for tethering, while for others it's simply a matter of paying the data traffic used, much like you pay for browsing on your mobile phone.
Tethering for IP sharing presents the connected vehicle community with a major dilemma.
Its note that tethering could help to seed the market for selected connected services,increase consumer understanding and adoption, and hence create a strong foundation for makingthe shift to embedded connectivity, and hence M2M SIM-based solutions, in the future.
Massive deployments across the globe are being contemplated by automakers. Tethering servicerevenues for telematics and for telematics and infotainment (instead of and smart & vehicles) andvehicles are set to grow from currently negligible amounts to $909 million by 2016, according toJuniper research 20122.
Tethering could bring connected car services a little closer to working out-of-the-box for consumers,whilst still making a positive contribution to the business of mobile operators. By enabling a winwinsolution for all stakeholders, tethering could support the ultimate objective of more connected cars, services and eventually an embedded future.
CONCLUSION
Students aren’t doing much in a day…but can’t stop. The data showed an overwhelming amount of time spent with mobile phones, in all facets of daily life. What’s more, students show a tethered disposition to their phones AND also to their communities.
The main contribution of mobile devices to society is [they] allow everyone to be connected and be able to share information faster than before.
While the heaviest users reported a diversity of information uses on mobile phones, there is ample room for a more full and diverse mobile phone relationship for more casual users.
Tethering is the most recent development in the devices of today. It takes the internet into transportation. It would be a high-speed application.
Wi-Fi tethering on existing smartphones is power hungry and wastes energy unneces-sarily, but there are many opportunities to save power by putting a mobile SoftAP to sleep. We propose DozyAP system to improve the power efficiency of Wi-Fi tethering. DozyAP employs a lightweight yet reliable sleep request-response protocol for a mobile SoftAP to coordinate its sleep schedule with its clients without requiring tight time synchronization. Based on our findings on the traffic pat-terns of typical applications used in Wi-Fi tethering, we design a two-stage adaptive sleep algorithm to allow a mo-bile SoftAP to automatically adapt to the on-going traffic load for the best power saving. We have implemented DozyAP system on commercial smartphones. Experimental results demonstrate that DozyAP is able to significantly reduce the power consumption of Wi-Fi tethering without impairing the user experience.