23-08-2012, 11:06 AM
THE ABDOMEN
THE ABDOMEN.pptx (Size: 1.27 MB / Downloads: 119)
Learning Objectives:-
At the end of this lecture each student will be able to:
Identify landmarks for the abdominal assessment
Correctly perform techniques of inspection, auscultation, percussion and palpation
Differentiate between normal & abnormal findings.
Overview of abdominal structure.
Large oval cavity.
Extends from diaphragm to symphysis.
Viscera: solid and hollow.
A- Solid viscera are those organs that maintain their shape consistently ( liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries and uterus ).
The liver is the largest solid organ in the body.
B- The hollow viscera consist of structures that change shape, depending on their contents . These include ( stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon , bladder ).
Vascular structures:
The abdominal organs are supplied with arterial blood by abdominal aorta & its major branches.
Health History:
Any chronic diseases that affect GIT or urinary systems? Describe.
Does he drink alcohol? How much? How often? When was last drink?
Smoke? How much and how long? Considered stopping or cutting down?
How often do you have a bowel movement? When was the last one? What are color and consistency of stool?
Nausea or vomiting for how long? Frequency?
How much do vomit? What does it look like? Contain blood? Have an odor?
Abdominal pain:
How long have he had ? Where? When did he first feel pain? What activity were he doing?
Describe pain. Constant/intermittent? Had episodes before? Did pain start suddenly?
Additional Sounds
Bruits:
Bruits are low pitched, vascular sounds, resembling murmur
Caused by partially obstructed artery– turbulence
Listen in epigastrum and each upper quadrant
Listen in costovertebral angle(with patient seated)
Listen over aorta, iliac arteries, femoral arteries
Arterial insufficiency in legs