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1456592424-THENATURALDISASTERMANAGEMENTPPT.docx (Size: 22.82 KB / Downloads: 5)
THIS ABSTRACT CONSISTS OF INFORMATION ABOUT NATURAL DISASTERS.
• 1.There are different types of natural disasters around the environment on the earth .some of these causes severe effect on the existence of living and non living lives.
• Some of them are:
• EARTH QUAKES AND TSUNAMIS(59% )TORNADOES
• FLOODS(12%),DROUGHTS(68%),VOLCANIC ERRUPTIONS,LANDSLIDES. etc..
• AMONG THEM MAJOR EFFECT IS DUE TO EARTH QUAKES
• An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the perceptible shaking of thesurface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust.
• Earthquakes can be violent enough to toss people around and destroy whole cities. The seismicity or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time.
TYPES OF EARTH QUAKES (DEPENDING ON PLATES MOVEMENTS)
• Convergent boundary
• Divergent boundary
• Transform boundary
THIS AGENDA HAS FOLLOWING CONTEXT
The basic questions concerning an earthquake are: What is an earthquake? What happens when it occurs? What is the cause of an earthquake? what can we do to minimize its effect?
EFFECTS DUE TO EARTH QUAKES
Earthquake produces various damaging effect in the areas the act upon. The list of some of the main effects caused by earthquakes are given below:
1. Earthquake causes damage to the building, bridges, dams.
2. Earthquake can also cause floods and landslides. Landslides, triggered by earthquake, often cause more destruction than the earthquake themselves.
3. If the earthquake happens to be beneath the ocean floor, they can lead to a tsunami.
CAUSES OF EARTH QUAKES
It is known that earthquake are caused by disturbances deep down inside the uppermost layer of the earth. The outermost layer of the earth is not in a single piece but is broken into number of plates known as lithospheric plates or tectonic plates.The movements of these plates cause changes on the surface of the earth and can cause an earthquake
Safety precautions during earthquake
1. Find a clear spot, away from buildings, trees, bridges and overhead power lines. Drop to the ground.
2. Do not come out, if in a moving vehicle. Drive slowly to a clear spot and stay inside. Come out only when the tremors stop.
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Personal measures
• Seek shelter under stable tables or under door frames.
• Avoid areas at risk from secondary processes, such as landslides, rockfall and soil liquefaction.
Technical/biological measures
• No measures can be taken to prevent earthquakes themselves, however limited measures exist that can counteract their secondary effects like landslides,rockfall and soil liquefaction.
• Earthquake-proof planning and design of buildings
TECHNOLOICAL RESISTIVE MEASURES FOR EARTHQUAKE
Short-sighted design is at the root of much of the destruction caused by environmental crises, whether it is flooding, earthquakes, tsunamis or other natural disasters. Buildings and critical infrastructure have started failing because they were not designed to withstand the rising intensity of Mother Nature.
Technology available today can converge architectural, engineering design and geo-spatial data.
• Earthquake engineering is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering that designs and analyzes structures, such as buildings and bridges, withearthquakes in mind. Its overall goal is to make such structures more resistant to earthquake
The main objectives of earthquake engineering are:
• Foresee the potential consequences of strong earthquakes on urban areas and civil infrastructure.
• Design, construct and maintain structures to perform at earthquake exposure up to the expectations and in compliance with building codes.[2]
A properly engineered structure does not necessarily have to be extremely strong or expensive. It has to be properly designed to withstand the seismic effects while sustaining an acceptable level of damage.