09-11-2016, 09:39 AM
1467210556-TILLAGEDRIP.docx (Size: 936.46 KB / Downloads: 6)
ABSTRACT
SOIL SELECTION
In agriculture, a soil test is the analysis of a soil sample to determine nutrient and contaminated content, composition and other characteristics such as the acidity or ph level. A soil test can determine fertility or the expected growth potential of a soil which indicates nutrient deficiencies, potential toxicities from excessive fertility and inhibitions from the presence of no-essential trace minerals. The test is used to mimic the function of roots to assimilate minerals. variety or hybrid choices should be on soil conditions and environment. Similar to the ones that the farmer is working with and proper seeding practices and favorable seed bed and environmental conditions. Proper soil pH, fertility, seed bed preparation, selecting high quality seeds of appropriate species.
It promises higher yields and lower input costs by real time. And automatic monitoring of site specific environmental and soil conditions using different sensors and thereby improving crop management, reducing waste and labour costs. Wireless sensor networking is gained popularity for managing precision agriculture through real time monitoring of agricultural parameters and climatic conditions. Reasonable simulation tools exist for evaluating large scale sensor networks, however, they fail to capture practical aspects of wireless communication. Real life test-beds bring out actual challenges and important aspects related to large scale deployment of sensor networks. In this paper, we present a test bed implementation of a wireless sensor network for automatic and real time monitoring of soil and environmental parameters influencing crop yield.
IRRIGATION
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agriculture of crops, maintenance of landscapes and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. Additionally, irrigation also has a few other uses in crop production, which include protecting plants against frost, suppressing weed growth in grain fields and preventing soil consolidation. In contrast, agriculture that relies only on direct rainfall is referred to as rain-fed or dry land farming. Irrigation systems are also used for dust suppression, disposal of sewage and in mining. Irrigation is often studied together with drainage which is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given area.
Irrigation has been a central feature of agriculture for over 5,000 years and is the product of many cultures. Historically, it was the basis for economies and societies across the globe, from Asia to the southwestern united states.
At the global scale, 2,788,000 km² (689 million acres) of fertile land was equipped with irrigation infrastructure around the year 2000. About 68% of the area equipped for irrigation is located in Asia, 17% in the Americas, 9% in Europe, 5% in Africa and 1% in Oceania. Only 8 years later in 2008, the scale of irrigated land increased to an estimated total of 3,245,566 km², which is nearly the size of India.
This design is to develop an automatic irrigation system which switches the pump motor ON/OFF on sensing the moisture content of the soil. In the field of agriculture, use of proper method of irrigation is important. The advantage of using this method is to reduce human intervention and still ensure proper irrigation along with sustainable use of water resources.
The project uses an arduino board which is programmed to receive the input signal of varying moisture condition of the soil through the sensing arrangement.
Once the arduino receives this signal, it generates an output that drives a motor for operating the water pump. The sensing arrangement is made by using two stiff metallic rods inserted into the field at a distance. Connections from the metallic rods are interfaced to the control unit.
The concept in future can be enhanced by integrating GSM technology, such that whenever the water pump switches ON/OFF, an SMS is delivered to the concerned person regarding the status of the pump. We can also control the pump through SMS.
Hardware Requirements:
1) Arduino Uno
2) Arduino sensor shield
3) Soil sensor
4) Water pump
5) Pump driver
6) Tilt platform
7) Servos
8) Spike cord
9) Water Pipes, Wires, Power adopter.
Software Requirement:
1)Arduino software
2)C language