15-06-2012, 01:12 PM
TOLLGATE VEHICLE COUNTER system
TOLLGATE VEHICLE COUNTER system .docx (Size: 1.78 MB / Downloads: 73)
ABSTRACT
(Keywords: Microcontroller, sensors, LCD display)
The Indian government had also started a method to get the money back from the road users for the constructed of the projects, through tollgate system. So this project might be useful at the tollgate station. The objective of this project is to count the vehicles that are going through this gate. It is an automatic system.
In the present world of automation the TOLLGATE VEHICLE COUNTER system is an advanced version of the present tollgate system which is manually operated and requires manual records to maintain the number of vehicles that are passing through tollgate. The function includes detecting of the vehicles on the road and counts the number of vehicles automatically when the vehicle comes near to the tollgate. This project is implemented with a popular ATMEGA 16 microcontroller, push switches. The software program in the microcontroller continuously monitors the track and the sensors are connected to the input port (ADC port). Normally the sensors are in closed state and generates bit ‘0’ at the input. At this condition no count is generated by the microcontroller. If any vehicle comes near the tollgate then the state of the sensor changes and the microcontroller will generate a signal and increases the count and displays it on the LCD screen.
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INTRODUCTION
In the present world speed and security plays a vital role in day to day life. TOLLGATE VEHICLE COUNTER system is a cabled system, which scans its track continuously at the road Speed breakers through different sensors and processes the data in the microcontroller and counts the number of vehicles automatically when the vehicle comes. This mechanism doesn’t require any special manually operated tollgate. The circuit provides an optimum security solution at low cost with low power consumption added with an easy maintenance.
It is based on the microcontroller ATMEGA16 Which is 40 pin device with 16kb program flash memory, 512 Bytes EEPROM, 1kb internal SRAM, 32 I/O lines, two data pointers, three 16 bit timers/counters, on chip ADC converter, advanced RISC architecture, 131 powerful instructions most single clock execution. Two 8-bit timer/counters with separate pre-scalars and compare modes. One16-bit Timer/Counter with separate Pre-scalar, Compare Mode, and Capture mode.
Implementation of this mechanism is very easy because the hardware required is simple. A small switch is used and placed under the speed breaker, a microcontroller (ATMEGA 16) has been used because of the advancement in the IC technology and a display unit to show the result or output
Requirements of the project
The toll gate vehicle counting system requires the following components
• Microcontroller (AVR ATMEGA 16).
• Push buttons.
• Voltage regulator (AMS1117).
• Power supply (12v/1A).
• LCD Display
BLOCK DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION
The ATMEGA16 microcontroller and the switch are the main parts of this project and the supply is given from the voltage Regulator (AMS117) which converts 9v to the required level 5v. And this microcontroller is programmed by using software WINAVR. The switch here used acts as a sensing element that is logic element and is directly connected to one of the port of microcontroller. The LCD of model 2x16 is used to show the value according to the vehicles passed through the tollgate.
Before connecting the switch to the microcontroller, a port of microcontroller must be configured as an input port and initializing the LCD through the command lcd_init ( ). When the switch is activated the data at the corresponding port changes, then the microcontroller senses the arrival of a vehicle but the value will not be displayed on the LCD as this is for two wheeler vehicle the value will be incremented for every successive presses of the switch
MICROCONTROLLER ATMEGA16
The ATmega16 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega16 achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed.
3.1Features
Advanced RISC architecture
• 131 Powerful instructions – Most single-clock cycle execution
• 32 x 8 general purpose working registers
• Fully static operation
• Up to 16 MIPS throughput at 16 MHz
• On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier.
High endurance non-volatile memory segments
• 16K Bytes of in-system self-programmable Flash program memory
• 512 Bytes EEPROM
• 1K Byte internal SRAM
• Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM
• Data retention: 20 years at 85oC /100 years at 25oC
• Optional boot code section with independent lock bits In-system programming by On-chip Boot program true Read-While-Write Operation
• Programming lock for software security
Peripheral Features
• Two 8-bit timer/counters with separate pre scalars and compare modes.
• One 16-bit timer/counter with separate pre scalar, compare mode, and capture mode and capture mode
• Real time counter with separate oscillator
• Four PWM channels
• Differential channels with programmable gain at 1x, 10x, or 200x