06-04-2011, 03:19 PM
Presented by:
V.VAMSI KRISHNA
B.RAJASHEKAR
P.UMA MAHESHWAR
V.SAMPATH KUMAR
TRAFFIC DENSITY ANALYZER.ppt (Size: 5.34 MB / Downloads: 284)
ABSTRACT
Every one is very familiar to traffic lights.
The main purpose of traffic lights is to control the float of vehicles (traffic).
The basic principle of working of present traffic lights is timer.
The specialty in our system is traffic is controlled by analyzing the density of vehicles floating.
The whole system is developed by implementing embedded systems.
This can be mainly implemented in metropolitan cities.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
HARDWARE REQUIRED
Power Supply.
Micro Controller.
Density Sensors.
Led’s.
REGULATED POWER SUPPLY
. A Regulated Power Supply is the Power Supply with Rectification, Filtering and Regulation being done on the AC mains to get a Regulated power supply for Microcontroller and for the other devices being interfaced to it.
A power supply can by broken down into a series of blocks, each of which performs a particular function.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF TYPICAL LINEAR POWER SUPPLY
RECTIFIER
A circuit which is used to convert a.c to dc is known as RECTIFIER. The process of conversion a.c to d.c is called “rectification”.
TYPES OF RECTIFIERS:
Half wave Rectifier
Full wave rectifier
1. Centre tap full wave rectifier.
2. Bridge type full bridge rectifier.
BRIDGE RECTFIER
FILTER
A Filter is a device which removes the a.c component of rectifier output but allows the d.c component to reach the load.
REGULATOR (LM78XX)
FEATERS OF REGULTOR(78XX)
Output Current of 1.5A .
Output Voltage Tolerance of 5%.
Internal thermal overload protection.
Internal Short-Circuit Limited.
Output Voltage 5.0V, 6V, 8V, 9V, 10V, 12V, 15V, 18V, 24V.
MICRO CONTROLLER
Micro controller is a micro computer with few other applications for specific devices on a single chip.
In this project work the micro-controller is playing a major role.
Micro-controllers were originally used as components in complicated process-control systems.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF 8051 MICRO CONTROLLER
PIN DIAGRAM OF 8051
PIN DISCRIPTION
VCC : Supply Voltage
GND : Ground
PORT 0
PORT 1
PORT 2
PORT 3
RST : Reset
ALE/PROG : Address Latch Enable
PSEN : Program Store Enable
EA : External Access Enable
XTAL 1
XTAL 2
Port 0:
Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port.
As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs.
When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high- impedance inputs.
PORT 1:
Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups.
The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs.
ALE/PROG:
Address Latch Enable (ALE) is an output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory.
PSEN:
Program Store Enable (PSEN) is the read strobe to external program memory.
EA/VPP:
External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFH.
XTAL1 & XTAL2:
Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.
Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.
OSCILLATER CHARACTERISTICS
GENERAL VIEW OF MICRO CONTROLLER
SOFTWARE REQUIRED
Embedded C
Keil software