19-06-2012, 01:10 PM
BADARPUR THERMAL POWER STATION, NEW DELHI training report
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INTRODUCTION
Thermal power station employs a great no of equipment performing number of complexity process. The ultimate aim being the production of electricity in order to have stable generating conditions always balance has to be achieved so that heat input is equal to electricity output and losses. Efficiency of the plant is expressed in terms of heat rate which is the kilocalories burnt to get 1 kWhr.
NTPC
India’s largest power company, NTPC was set up in 1975 to accelerate power development in India. NTPC is emerging as a diversified power major with presence in the entire value chain of the power generation business. Apart from power generation, which is the mainstay of the company, NTPC has already ventured into consultancy, power trading, ash utilization and coal mining. NTPC ranked 317th in the ‘2009, Forbes Global 2000’ ranking of the World’s biggest companies.
The total installed capacity of the company is 31,704 MW (including JVs) with 15 coal based and 7 gas based stations, located across the country. In addition under JVs, 3 stations are coal based & another station uses naphtha/LNG as fuel. By 2017, the power generation portfolio is expected to have a diversified fuel mix with coal based capacity of around 53000 MW, 10000 MW through gas, 9000 MW through Hydro generation, about 2000 MW from nuclear sources and around 1000 MW from Renewable Energy Sources (RES). NTPC has adopted a multi-pronged growth strategy which includes capacity addition through green field projects, expansion of existing stations, joint ventures, subsidiaries and takeover of stations.
NTPC has been operating its plants at high efficiency levels. Although the company has 18.10% of the total national capacity it contributes 28.60% of total power generation due to its focus on high efficiency.
POWER GENERATION IN INDIA
NTPC’s core business is engineering, construction and operation of power generating plants. It also provides consultancy in the area of power plant constructions and power generation to companies in India and abroad. As on date the installed capacity of NTPC is 27,904 MW through its 15 coal based (22,895 MW), 7 gas based (3,955 MW) and 4 Joint Venture Projects (1,054 MW). NTPC acquired 50% equity of the SAIL Power Supply Corporation Ltd. (SPSCL). This JV Company operates the captive power plants of Durgapur (120 MW), Rourkela (120 MW) and Bhilai (74 MW). NTPC also has 28.33% stake in Ratnagiri Gas & Power Private Limited (RGPPL) a joint venture company between NTPC, GAIL, Indian Financial Institutions and Maharashtra SEB Co Ltd. NTPC has set new benchmarks for the power industry both in the area of power plant construction and operations. It’s providing power at the cheapest average tariff in the country.
Site selection of power plant
• Availability of coal-steam power station should be located near mines so minimum cost of fuel is maintained. However if such facility isn’t available then adequate facilities should be made for transportation of coal like railway lines which are provided in case of BTPS
• Availability of water-a large amount of water is necessary for condenser. Therefore such a plant should be located at the bank of river or near a canal like Agra canal in case of BTPS
• Means of transportation-the power plant should be well interconnected with roads or railways system for efficient transportation material
• Land properties-land should be cheap and there should be enough land surrounding the plant so that there may be option of expanding. The land should be able to withstand the load of heavy equipment
• Nearness to load centers-this is very important factor when considering dc transmission. If an ac system is employed then this factor is less important because ac can be transmitted at high voltage with consequent reduction transmission cost that is why it is possible to install the plant away from load centre provided the conditions are favorable
• Ash disposal facilities-quantity of ash to be handled is 1500-2000 tons per day the disposal of large quantity of ash from the power station can be into river, sea or lake or can be brought into useful purposes like manufacturing of bricks as done by BTPS or for land filling as recently was used by Delhi metro