08-09-2016, 02:57 PM
The Detection Of Urea, Sugar, Sodium
Chloride, And Measurement Of Ph Parameter
In The Milk By Using Arm Processor
1453892930-milk.pdf (Size: 722.87 KB / Downloads: 6)
Introduction
The purpose of milk blend detection system is to detect the extra blend added in the milk. People
are adding the any type of blend in the milk such as sugar, urea, and Sodium chloride. This
component is easily available with low cost in the market so it is very easier to add it in the milk.
This developed system used for detection of different parameters such glucose, nitrogen, sodium
chloride, pH measured in percentage. Therefore for the detecting the blend in the milk requires
very less time. The milk requirement is so high in every human body. Most of an Indians are
producing and consuming the large quantity of milk as their food. The supply of milk is
predominantly from the local suppliers which many a times gets delivered to the consumers
without pasteurization. Hence, care should be taken in the while accepting the milk from the
agency or farmer of blend should not be added in the milk. It is given to the processing plant for
further distribution. The moderate pH and ambient temperature is sufficient for the microbial
activity in milk. In order to increase the SNF value which in turn increases the economic value of
milk and to increase the productivity, urea, a nitrogen containing molecule is added as a common
adulterant in milk.The presence of urea in milk is not good for the human health because they vary
the amount of protein in the diet, amount of urine is large and amount of water drinking capacity is
reduced. Therefore it is essential that the milk should be tested for purity before consumption. In
this project an attempt is made to detect the presence of urea in milk. This system will be going to
change the lifestyle of Indian farmer and milk collection system. India is highly populated country
made up of large number of small villages so it is not easy to have milk analysis of every sample
by time consuming chemical methods. So system is made such that it will analyse the milk sample
in the ample time. Since more number of farmers is depositing their milk in the dairy, it is a daily
task of the dairy to assess the quality of milk from each farmer, verify it & meets the quality norms
specified and make payments based on quality and quantity of milk. Though several tests are
available for quality assessment of milk like the content of protein, water, detergent, lactose etc.,
most dairies use only the fat content test and CLR (Corrected Lactometer Reading) to judge milk
quality.
System consists of some sensors which sense the element such as ammonia, sodium chloride, and
calculate sugar and the PH of the milk sample. Knowing the PH value of the milk sample we can
estimate the value of acidity or the basicity, it is required for acceptance of milk. System
generates result in the ample time so the system can be used in daily milk collection system that is
dairy system. So, we can prohibit people from doing this adulteration in the milk.
2. Objective
i. To determine the quality of milk different parameters are considered.
ii. To detect Urea, sodium chloride, sugar and pH in the milk sample.
iii. Determine percentage of detected blend element in the milk will be compared with
standards and print the result.
iv. Milk blend detection indication will be displayed on two lines LCD.
v. Modern embedded processor is used for processing data.
3. Block Diagram
The milk adulteration systemis ARM processor and the modules connected to processor include
the ammonia sensor,sodium chloride sensor, pHsensor, sugar sensor, and power supply module, key board, PC and the display module. All modules constitute the milk blend detection system.
Four sensorspass the analog data to ARM for A /D conversion through the signal conditioning
block, then the percentage of blend detection in milk is displayed on the LCD and also the data is
stored in PC. Printer is use for taking out the printout of that particular data. PC and printer are
connected through data transfer protocol for exchange of information.The LPC2148
microcontrollers are based on a 16-bit/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with real-time emulation and
embedded trace support that combine microcontroller with embedded high speed flash memory
ranging from 32 KB to 512 KB. A 128-bit wide Memory interface and unique accelerator
architecture enable 32-bit code execution at the maximum clock rate. The main function of the
whole system is detection of percentage blend in the milk. Start and stop press buttonareused for
manual control of system.
Methodology
Teflon temperature sensing method: RTD that is covered with Teflon is dipped into
milk containing ammonia. The property of Teflon is such that it attracts ammonia towards
it [2]. This increases the temperature and RTD is used to convert this change in
temperature into an equivalent resistance change that is used in a bridge circuit. The
unbalance in the bridge circuit is proportional to the level of ammonia present in the milk.
PH is the measurement of potential activity of hydrogen ions in the sample. PH was
positively correlated with electrical conductance and total conductivity.
Sugar Sensor: -Sugar sensor sense the sugar content in the given milk and simultaneously
to show the percentage of sugar in the LCD display. The sugar is also present in the sugar.
Sodium chloride Sensor: -Sodium Chloride sensor sense the sodium content in the milk
and show the percentage of given content in the LCD display. These types of content are
also present in the sodium bicarbonate that means soda or salt content. It is used to know whether the milk sample is acidic or basic or neutral. (Fresh milk has a pH of 6.7 and is
therefore slightly acidic.)
5. Advantages
a. There are different chemical methods are available which are time consuming methods. So
system uses spectroscopic method for urea detection which is one of the physical methods.
b. We have directly used particular sensor in this system, so this sensor directly detect the
blend in the milk.
c. System has made automatically operating; by just placing the sample of milk it gives
analysis of blend elements in the milk.
d. As the chemical methods include human participation to change the chemical composition
of the chemical component, but this system is work automatically, so the human errors are
reduced.
e. Easy to Handle
f. Real timing monitoring and fault diagnosis.
g. Centralized control.
h. Accuracy is more.
6. Applications
a. In the milk dairies this system is also useful to detect the blend such as Urea, Sodium
Chloride, Sugar, PH parameter in properly.
b. Used to detect impurities present in the milk.
c. To punish the people whoever added extra content or impurities like Urea, water, sodium
chloride, sulphur, urea etc.
d. As the pH of the milk is detected in the system, so that we can know milk is fresh or not.
e. To prohibit adulteration in the milk.
7. Conclusion
A developed system is used to test milk for different concentrations of urea, sodium chloride, sugar
and also the pH of the milk sample to be calculated. This system is much cost effective and
portable one. It is new innovation in the world of Milk blend. This system prevents the people from
to avoid the adulteration and maintains the quality of the milk.