12-06-2014, 10:38 AM
The Indian Philosophy
Indian Philosophy.ppt (Size: 407 KB / Downloads: 164)
Orthodox System
These are called orthodox systems because they derive their authorities from Vedas and maintian the existence of Atman as independent of body and mind.
Mimansa and Sankhya do not admit of the existence of a personal God and in other systems God appears in varying roles.
Nyaya System
Founded by Gotama also known as Gautama and Akshpada.
It is concerned with conditions of correct thinking and means of acquiring true knowledge of reality.
Useful in developing powers of useful thinking and criticism.
Therefore, other names of Nyaya Philosophy are Nyaya Vidya, Tarka Shastra and Anvikshi – science of critical study.
Logical Realism of Nyaya
It is a system of logical realism. In philosophy realism means the theory or doctrine that the existence of things or objects of the world are independent of all knowledge or relation to mind.
Nyaya philosophy is divided into four parts,
- theory of knowledge
- theory of the physical world
- theory of individual self and its liberation
- theory of God
Upama or comparison
Upamana is the third source of valid knowledge accepted by the Nyaya.
It is the source of our knowledge of the relation between a name and things so named or between a word and its denotation.
Shabda or Testimony
Shabda is the last pramana accepted by the Nyaya.
Literally Shabda means verbal knowledge.
It is the knowledge of objects derived from words or sentences.
All verbal knowledge, however, is not valid.
Hence Shabda as a pramana is defined in the Nyaya as valid verbal Testimony.