21-11-2012, 01:00 PM
Theory of Science PROFESSIONAL ETHICS & RESEARCH ETHICS
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Ethics and MoralityWhat are they?
The terms ethics and morality are often used interchangeably - indeed, they usually can mean the same thing, and in casual conversation there isn't a problem with switching between one and the other.
However, there is a distinction between them in philosophy!
Ethics and Morality Etymology
Morality and ethics have same roots, mores which means manner and customs from the Latin and etos which means custom and habits from the Greek.
Ethics and Morality
Morality: first-order set of beliefs and practices about how to live a good life.
Ethics: a second-order, conscious reflection on the adequacy of our moral beliefs.
Theoretical Ethics
Metaethics or analytical ethics: theoretical study that inquires into semantic, logical, and epistemological issues in ethics. It investigates the meaning of ethical terms, the nature of value judgements, and the justification of ethical theories and judgements.
Normative ethics: theory which justifies which acts are morally good/bad.
On What Ethical Basis Do We Make Moral Decisions?
The Ethics of Natural and Human Rights – all people are created ...with certain basic rights
Social Contract Ethics (We agree to be civil to one another under threat of punishment from a government established for this purpose. [Plato, Republic. Thomas Hobbes])
Evolutionary Ethics – Being social increases our chances to survive
Computing Technology and Human Values
News stories about computer viruses, or software ownership law suits, or computer-aided bank robbery, or harmful computer malfunctions, or computerized weapons, etc.
As the social impact of information technology grows, such articles will proliferate.