28-07-2014, 11:05 AM
Threatening tumors of life affecting chest wall
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Introduction
Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues. Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are more than 100 different types of cancer.
In a normal cell, when DNA gets damaged the cell either repairs the damage or the cell dies. In cancer cells, the damaged DNA is not repaired and the cell doesn’t die like it should. Instead, the cell goes on making new cells that the body doesn’t need. These new cells all have the same abnormal DNA as the first cell does.When the cancer cells get into the body’s bloodstream or lymph vessels where they begin to grow and form new tumors then the tumors replace normal tissue. The process of cancer spreading is called metastasis.
Cancer types can be grouped into broader categories. The main categories of cancer include carcinomacancer begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. There are a number of subtypes of carcinoma, including adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and transitional cellcarcinoma. Sarcoma cancer begins in the bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, other connective or supportive tissue.Leukemia cancer starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood.Lymphoma and myeloma cancers begin in the cells of the immune system.Central nervous system cancers begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord.
Materials and Methods
2.1 Collection of data
Fifteen patients with malignant chest wall tumors were treated atthe Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region of PLA, Chengdu, China between 2007 and 2013. Thirteen of these were males and two were females. Children (4 to 8 years): young (17 to 24 years): old age (41 to 50 years). Patient summaries of individual cases wereshown in table1 and table 2. Onlyprimary tumors of the ribs, scapula, clavicle, sternum and theirassociated soft tissues were included. Tumors arising primarily fromwithin the mediastinum with secondary involvement of the chest wall,as well as tumors of the vertebrae, were excluded from this study.
2.2 Techniques
Initially all patients used to die due to lack of knowledge on tumors affecting human life but now-a-days there are techniques like CT scan/MRI which helps in detecting the tumor in initial stage.In CT SCAN/MRI for some extent we can rule-out chest wall tumors and can even find out the progression and staging of the tumors. For patients with a mass, a computed tomography (CT) scan or MRI of the chest was done to evaluate the extension of the lesion and a tissue diagnosis utilizing fine or core needle aspiration or incisional biopsy was attempted.
Discussion
Malignant small round cell tumors (MSRCTs) are the most common primary chest wall malignances in children and adults [1]. This class includes Ewing’s sarcoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) and Askin’s tumor. Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. These rhabdomyosarcomas has alveolar and embryonal subtypes. MSRCTs [2] and RMS[3] arise in in chest wall upto 6.5% and 5% in children. In our study the frequent site was single rib (n = 7; 46.7%), followed by chest wall (n = 5; 33.3%), clavicle (n = 2; 13.3%) and the scapula (n = 1; 6.7%). From the previous studies, the most common site of primary tumor occurrence was reported as rib in adult populations [4-5].