08-01-2013, 02:43 PM
Transplantation Immunology: Organ and Tissue Transplantation Immunosuppressive Agents, Immunosuppressive Therapy.
Transplantation Immunology.ppt (Size: 2.28 MB / Downloads: 33)
Alexis Carrel reported the first systematic study of transplantation in 1908; he interchanged both kidneys in a series of nine cats. Some of those receiving kidneys from other cats maintained urinary output for up to 25 days.
The first human kidney transplant, attempted
in 1935 by a Russian surgeon, failed because there was a mismatch
of blood types between donor and recipient.
Introduction
Transplantation immunology - sequence of events that occurs after an allograft or xenograft is removed from donor and then transplanted into a recipient.
A major limitation to the success of transplantation is the immune response of the recipient to the donor tissue.
The Immunology of Allogeneic Transplantation
Recognition of transplanted cells that are self or foreign is determined by polymorphic genes (MHC) that are inherited from both parents and are expressed co-dominantly.
Alloantigens elicit both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses.
Recognition of Alloantigens
Recognition of an intact MHC molecule displayed by donor APC in the graft
Basically, self MHC molecule recognizes the structure of an intact allogeneic MHC molecule
Involves both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells.
Acute Rejection
Vascular and parenchymal injury mediated by T cells and antibodies that usually begin after the first week of transplantation if there is no immunosuppressant therapy
Incidence is high (30%) for the first 90 days