11-08-2012, 01:10 PM
Urological Anatomy & Physiology
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The Urinary System
1 The body takes nutrients from food and uses them to maintain all bodily
functions including energy and self-repair. When the body has taken what it
needs from food, waste products are left behind in the blood and in the
bowel.
2 The urinary system works with to keep the chemicals and water in balance
3 Removes urea from the blood
4 Urea is produced from break down foods containing protein
5 Adults eliminate about a quart and a half of urine each day, depending on factors
such as the amount of foods and fluid consumed, and how much fluid is lost
through sweating and breathing.
How does it work?
• 2 Kidneys
• 2 Ureters
• Muscle in walls continually
tigheten and relax forcing urine
downward
• Back-up or stagnate urine can
lead to kidney infection
• Bladder
• Sphincter Muscles
• Circular muscles that help keep
urine from leaking
• Nerves in the bladder
• Alert a person when voiding in
necessary
• Urethra
• Tube that allows urine to pass
outside the body
Function of the Kidneys
1 The Kidneys
2 Bean shaped
3 Located against the back
4 Remove excess fluid and
wastes from body by
producing urine
5 Pass urine to the bladder
through tube-like ureters
6 Keep a stable balance of
salts and other substances
in the blood
7 Produce erythropoietin, a
hormone that aids the
formation of red blood cells
Function of the Bladder
1 Located in the lowest part of
the abdomen
2 Held in place by ligaments
attached to other organs
and pelvic bones
3 Stretches like a balloon to
store urine as it fills
4 Holds urine when muscles,
called the sphincter, that
circle the bladder neck are
tight
5 Passes urine through the
urethra to the body’s outlet
when you urinate
Bladder Quick Facts
1 When the urinary bladder is relaxed, the
epithelium is 5-6 cell layers thick and the
superficial cells bulge into the lumen.
2 For the urine to exit the bladder, both the
autonomically controlled internal sphincter
and the voluntarily controlled external
sphincter must be opened.
3 The bladder may rupture if overfilled and not
emptied.
4 Occurs in binge drinkers who have
consumed large quantities, but are not
conscious due to stupor
5 Bladder volume could range from 470mL-1L
6 Desire to micturate volume could range from
150mL-400mL
[b]Normal Function of the Kidneys
and Bladder[/b]
1 The bladder is relaxed while filling, and the
sphincter muscles are contracted and tight
to avoid leakage.
2 The bladder contracts to push urine out
when voiding, or emptying. At this time,
the sphincter muscles relax to open up the
urethra, or channel to the body’s outlet.