13-09-2012, 10:50 AM
HIRAKUD DAM
HARKID DAM.ppt (Size: 7.13 MB / Downloads: 308)
Construction history
Before the devastating floods of 1937, Sir M. Visveswararya proposed a detailed investigation for storage reservoirs in the Mahanadi basin to tackle the problem of floods in the Mahanadi delta. In 1945, under the chairmanship of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, the then Member of Labour, it was decided to invest in the potential benefits of controlling the Mahanadi for multi-purpose use. The Central Waterways, Irrigation and Navigation Commission took up the work.
On 15 Mar 1946, Sir Howthrone Lewis, then the Governor of Odisha, laid the foundation stone of the Hirakud Dam. A project report was submitted to the government in June 1947. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru laid the first batch of concrete on 12 April 1948. The dam was completed in 1953 and was formally inaugurated by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on 13 January 1957. The total cost of the project was Rs. 100.02 crores in 1957. Power generation along with agricultural irrigation started in 1956, achieving full potential in 1966.
structure
The Hirakud Dam is a composite structure of earth, concrete and masonry. 10 km (6 mi) north of Sambalpur, it is the longest major earthen dam in Asia, measuring 25.8 km (16 mi) including dykes, and stands across the river Mahanadi. The main dam has an overall length of 4.8 km (3 mi)[2]spanning between two hills; the Lamdungri on the left and the Chandili Dunguri on the right. The dam is flanked by 21 km (13 mi) of earthen dykes on both the left and right sides, closing the low saddles beyond the adjoining hills. The dam and dykes together measure 25.8 km (16 mi).[2] It also forms the biggest artificial lake in Asia,[dubious – discuss] with a reservoir holding 743 km2 (287 sq mi) at full capacity, with a shoreline of over 639 km (397 mi). There are two observation towers on the dam one at each side. One is "Gandhi Minar" and the other one is "Nehru Minar". Both the observation towers present breathtaking views of the lake.
POWER HOUSE
The dam supports two different hydroelectric power houses. Power House I is located at the base (toe) of the main dam section and contains 5 x 37.5 MW and 2 x 24 MW Kaplan turbine generators for an installed capacity of 259.5 MW. Power Station II is located 19 km (12 mi) southeast of the dam 21°21′10″N 83°55′00″E at Chipilima. It contains 3 x 24 MW generators. The entire installed capacity of the dam's power houses is 307.5 MW. Power House I and II were built in three stages. During stage I, four generators were installed at PH I and in stage II, the power channel to and Power House II was constructed. All three generators were installed at PH II along with two more at PH I by 1957. Between 1982 and 1990, the seventh and final generator was installed at PH I
PURPOSE
In the upper drainage basin of the Mahanadi River, centered on the Chattisgarh Plain, periodic droughts contrast with the situation in the lower delta region where floods may damage crops. The dam was constructed to help alleviate these problems by creating a reservoir and controlling river flow through the drainage system. The dam regulates the flow of the Mahanadi River and produces hydroelectricity through several hydroelectric plants.
People affected by the dam construction
The main purpose of the Hirakud Dam was to check the massive flood that was effecting a large part of coastal Odisha. But construction of the dam greatly affected the native of western part of Odisha. Nearly 150,000 people were affected by the Hirakud project. Nearly 22,000 family were displaced by the dam project.
In the original estimate, an amount of Rs 12 crores was provided for payment of compensation to the affected people. After revision, the amount was reduced to Rs 9.5 crores and the total compensation paid to the people was, in reality, only Rs 3.32 crores. A large number of families were evacuated from their hearth and homes without compensation from 1956 onwards.