05-10-2016, 04:07 PM
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1. List the various kind of computer architecture system with their hardware structure, processing capacity and the maximum size of program which can be executed on the computer system.
2. List the various kind of hardware which are uses in the following system:-
1. Intel Based Pentium
2. Latest Supercomputer system
3. Any Server based System
Ans 1. Computer architecture is a set of rules and methods that describe the functionality, organization and implementation of computer systems.
Various Kind of computer architecture are:-
1. First Generation (1945-1958)
• Features Vacuum tubes
• Machine code, Assembly language
• Computers contained a central processor that was unique to that machine
• Different types of supported instructions, few machines could be considered "general purpose
• 2 Kb memory
• Use of drum memory or magnetic core memory, programs and data are loaded using paper tape or punch cards
• Ex. UNIVAC(Universal Automatic Computer),IBM's 701,Whirlwind computer
2. Second Generation (1958-1964)
• Transistors – small, low-power, low-cost, more reliable than vacuum tubes,
• Magnetic core memory
• Two's complement, floating point arithmetic
• Reduced the computational time from milliseconds to microseconds
• High level languages
• First operating Systems: handled one program at a time
• IBM´s 7000 series mainframes were the company´s first transistorized computers ex IBM 7090
3. Third Generation (1964-1974)
• Introduction of integrated circuits combining thousands of transistors on single chip
• Semiconductor memory
• Timesharing, graphics, structured programming
• 2 Mb memory, 5 MIPS
• Use of cache memory
• IBM’s System 360 - the first family of computers making a clear distinction between architecture and implementation ex. IBM System/360
4. Fourth Generation (1974-present)
• Introduction of Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI)/Ultra Large
• Scale Integration (ULSI) - combines millions of transistors
• Single-chip processor and the single-board computer emerged
• Smallest in size because of the high component density
• Creation of the Personal Computer (PC)
• Wide spread use of data communications
• Object-Oriented programming: Objects & operations on objects
• Artificial intelligence: Functions & logic predicates
Ans2. Hardware Used In the following:
1. Intel Based pentium system