23-11-2012, 01:14 PM
Virtual Data Center Design
virtualization 1.ppt (Size: 191.5 KB / Downloads: 609)
In computing, virtualization is a broad term that refers to the abstraction of computer resources
It is "a technique for hiding the physical characteristics of computing resources from the way in which other systems, applications, or end users interact with those resources. This includes making a single physical resource (such as a server, an operating system, an application, or storage device) appear to function as multiple logical resources; or it can include making multiple physical resources (such as storage devices or servers) appear as a single logical resource."
The common theme of all virtualization technologies is the hiding of technical detail, through encapsulation.
Virtualization creates an external interface that hides an underlying implementation, e.g. by multiplexing access, by combining resources at different physical locations, or by simplifying a control system.
Platform Virtualization
the creation of a virtual machine using a combination of hardware and software is referred to as platform virtualization
Platform virtualization is performed on a given hardware platform by "host" software (a control program), which creates a simulated computer environment (a virtual machine) for its "guest" software.
The "guest" software, which is often itself a complete operating system, runs just as if it were installed on a stand-alone hardware platform.
Typically, many such virtual machines are simulated on a given physical machine.
For the "guest" system to function, the simulation must be robust enough to support all the guest system's external interfaces, which (depending on the type of virtualization) may include hardware drivers.
Emulation or simulation
the virtual machine simulates the complete hardware, allowing an unmodified "guest" OS for a completely different CPU to be run. This approach has long been used to enable the creation of software for new processors before they were physically available. Examples include Bochs, PearPC, PPC version of Virtual PC, QEMU without acceleration, and the Hercules emulator. Emulation is implemented using a variety of techniques, from state machines to the use of dynamic recompilation on a full virtualization platform.
Platform Virtualization
Native virtualization and full virtualization
the virtual machine simulates enough hardware to allow an unmodified "guest" OS (one designed for the same CPU) to be run in isolation. Typically, many instances can be run at once. This approach was pioneered in 1966 with CP-40 and CP[-67]/CMS, predecessors of IBM's VM family.
Examples include Virtual Iron, VMware Workstation, VMware Server (formerly GSX Server), Parallels Desktop, Adeos, Mac-on-Linux, Win4BSD, Win4Lin Pro, and z/VM.
Hypervisor
Hypervisors are currently classified in two types:
Type 1 hypervisor (or Type 1 virtual machine monitor) is software that runs directly on a given hardware platform (as an operating system control program). A "guest" operating system thus runs at the second level above the hardware.
The classic type 1 hypervisor was CP/CMS, developed at IBM in the 1960s, ancestor of IBM's current z/VM. More recent examples are Xen, VMware's ESX Server, and Sun's Hypervisor (released in 2005).
Type 2 hypervisor (or Type 2 virtual machine monitor) is software that runs within an operating system environment. A "guest" operating system thus runs at the third level above the hardware.
Examples include VMware server and Microsoft Virtual Server.
Resource Virtualization
Resource aggregation, spanning, or concatenation combines individual components into larger resources or resource pools. For example:
RAID and volume managers combine many disks into one large logical disk.
Storage Virtualization refers to the process of completely abstracting logical storage from physical storage, and is commonly used in SANs. The physical storage resources are aggregated into storage pools, from which the logical storage is created. Multiple independent storage devices, which may be scattered over a network, appear to the user as a single, location-independent, monolithic storage device, which can be managed centrally.
Channel bonding and network equipment use multiple links combined to work as though they offered a single, higher-bandwidth link.
Virtual Private Network (VPN), Network Address Translation (NAT), and similar networking technologies create a virtualized network namespace within or across network subnets.
Multiprocessor and multi-core computer systems often present what appears as a single, fast processor.