28-08-2014, 03:30 PM
ENERGY TECHNOLOGY ON SEMINAR REPORT
WASTES TO ENERGY.pptx (Size: 1.21 MB / Downloads: 93)
INTRODUCTION
Energy saving and pollution prevention = priorities
Waste-to-energy (WtE) or energy-from-waste (EfW) is the process of creating energy in the form of electricity or heat from the incineration of waste source. WtE is a form of energy recovery.
Sustainability concepts = complex problem
The object of analysis is waste which is not reused or recycled, but can be used for energy production. To deal with increasing waste amounts while reducing the amount of waste deposited at landfills
Renewable energy sources e.g. Waste-to-Energy
To improve the flexibility of the energy system in order to increase the share of renewable energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions
WASTE-TO-ENERGY
Waste-to-energy (WTE) technology = thermal processing of wastes including energy utilization
WTE systems clean, reliable and renewable energy
WASTE INCINERATION
Environment has great influence in the life of all the living things on this earth. When it comes to wastage and its treatment, one of the very oldest effective waste treatments is waste incineration. It is basically a process where the domestic and industry waste materials are burnt. In this process, the waste materials turn into ash, flue gas and heat.
India – Waste Generation Scenario
India is the second largest nation in the world, with a population of 1.21 billion, accounting for nearly 18% of world’s human population, but it does not have enough resources or adequate systems in place to treat its solid wastes.
The present citizens of India are living in times of unprecedented economic growth, rising aspirations, and rapidly changing lifestyles, which will raise the expectations on public health and quality of life.
India is facing a sharp contrast between its increasing urban population and available services and resources.
The per capita waste generation rate in India has increased from 0.44 kg/day in 2001 to 0.5 kg/day in 2011, fuelled by changing lifestyles and increased purchasing power of urban Indians.
Solid waste management and municipal waste management
Solid waste management (SWM) is one such service where India has an enormous gap to fill. Proper municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal systems to address the burgeoning amount of wastes are absent. The total MSW generated in urban India is estimated to be 68.8 million tons per year (TPY) or 188,500 tons per day (TPD) of MSW..
Big cities collect about 70 - 90% of MSW generated, whereas smaller cities and towns collect less than 50% of waste generated.
More than 91% of the MSW collected formally is landfilled on open lands and dumps . It is estimated that about 2% of the uncollected wastes are burnt openly on the streets.
About 10% of the collected MSW is openly burnt or is caught in landfill fires .
THERMAL TREATMENT OF HAZARDOUS INDUSTRIAL WASTES AND WASTE-TO-ENERGY SYSTEMS
At present:
waste processing (waste-to-energy systems)
recovering heat (generating steam & electricity
preheating purposes (reduced fuel demand)
processing of residues (vitrification)
in the case of gasification
Generating gaseous products at the first stage outlet up to 10 times lower Þ aspects influencing operating and investment costs.
Considerably lower consumption of auxiliary fuel (natural gas).
Reduced size of the afterburner chamber compared to that necessary for a comparable oxidation incineration plant
Lower specific volume of gas produced = reduction in size of flue gas heat utilization
off-gas cleaning systems = reduction of investment and operating costs of the flue gas blower
Lower production of steam (proportional to the volume of flue gas produced)
CONCLUSION
It has been shown how various aspects of a process and equipment design can contribute to improving economic and environmental design.
Incineration for CHP of the main amount of waste (77% of total) with the highest possible electricity and heat efficiencies
Biogas production from the full potential of organic household waste and manure for production of CHP or transport fuel
Co-combustion of refuse derived fuel (RDF) with coal in new coal-fired power plants today and thermal gasification of RDF for CHP in the future when fully developed, if reduced CO2 emissions are not the main goal