06-03-2013, 10:47 AM
WATER SECURITY UNDER UNCERTAINITY CONDITIONS
WATER SECURITY.pptx (Size: 3.64 MB / Downloads: 43)
WHY IT IS NEEDED
Water is essential for life. People, animals, and plants all need water to live and to grow.
If people do not have enough water for their daily needs, they face hardship and serious illnesses. And if the available water is not safe because it is contaminated with germs, worms, or toxic chemicals — this can also lead to many illnesses.
Availability of Water on earth
The water problem – There are some problems related to need of water security-
1) 1.1 billion people in developing countries have inadequate access to water.
2) 2.6 billion people lack basic sanitation
3) 1.8 million children die each year as a result of diarrhea
4) 443 million school days are lost each year from water-related illness
1.8 billion people who have access to a water source within 1 kilometer, but not in their house or yard, consume around 20 liters per day. In the United Kingdom the average person uses more than 50 liters of water a day flushing toilets (where average daily water usage is about 150 liters a day.
The highest average water use in the world is in the US, at 600 liters day.
Millions of women spending several hours a day collecting water.
NATURAL THREATS
Hurricane:- it caused large loss of life, ruptured leaves and led to serious water quality consequence.
Earthquake:- it affects water distribution system.
Wildfire:- due to this soil losses its fertility, increase CO2 amount & evapotranspiration also occur, creates water scarcity.
Contaminants:- Heavy rains and flooding could create particularly severe water contamination problems that can be fatal.
Climate change:- water security strategies need also to consider events related to extreme drought. All these threats are interconnected.
MAN MADE HAZARDS
Attacks on exposed infrastructure.eg- Dam, water reservoirs.
War and civil unrest.
Human error and poor assessment
Resource allocation.
Man-made threats currently are a major concern nowadays.
Technological hazards
It is also a major concerning hazard because Victims may not know they have been affected until years later.
Due to failure of infrastructure, Hazardous chemical mix with water, it causes for water scarcity.
Plan improvements to your water supply
When making a plan to improve the water supply, start with local resources including: local water sources, people with the skills to build improved wells or water storage tanks.
water security depend on which problems are most urgent, or easiest to solve first.
Water security against terrorist attack
These are the security procedure
Prevention -estimates the degree of risk and allocates personnel and financial resources to prevention based on each utility's capabilities.
Detection-finished water is stored in relatively small quantities, generally in ground storage tanks of 10,000 to 1,000,000 gallons. Finished water storage can be protected by well-planned security measures for each water plant,
Response-Match your responses to:
1. Detection capabilities
2. Possible health impact
3. Pre-determined required action
How to protect a spring
Springs are where groundwater naturally comes out to the surface.
Spring water can be considered safe unless it is contaminated at the surface.
Protect the area around the spring and plant trees near the spring to prevent erosion.
Build a spring box to capture the water.