07-07-2012, 03:07 PM
Water Purification Techniques
Water Sanitation Powerpoint.ppt (Size: 701 KB / Downloads: 239)
Boiling
Equipment/Skill Required:
Water container
Intense heat – fuel (wood, gas, etc)
– Preferably a fuel efficient stove
Must be able to produce heat
Process:
Water should be placed in a container and heated until boiling.
The water should be allowed to boil for at least 10 minutes.
Once cooled the water will be ready to use.
Sunlight Exposure
Equipment/Skill Required:
Disposable clear plastic bottles (glass bottles should not be used as they do not let enough sunlight into the water)
Bright sunlight
Process:
Fill a clean bottle, leaving a quarter empty.
Put the top on and shake the bottle for 20 seconds.
The bottled should then be left in sunlight
(usually on the roof of your home) for one day
(or two days if the sky is cloudy)
Drink the water straight from the bottle to avoidcross-contamination.
In the rainy season, paint one side of the bottle black.
This will increase the water temperature quicker.
The painted side should be placed underneath
Sunlight Exposure
Advantages:
Kills harmful bacteria and pathogens
Simple, convenient and inexpensive
If used correctly, the water is as clean as boiled water
Will not change the taste of water
Disadvantages:
Will not remove mud from ‘murky’ water
A 6-12 hour waiting period
Coagulation and Flocculation
Equipment/skill required:
A coagulant (ex. aluminium sulphate)
Some skill/training
2 vessels
Stirrer
Filter – a cloth
Process:
Add a coagulant to water and stir rapidly.
Allow to stand for some time, and continuously stir slowly to form large flocs.
The formed flocs clean the water by attracting pathogens and other microorganisms.
Remove the flocs using filtration and be careful to not re-contaminate the water.
Filtration -Straining
Equipment/skill required:
Porous barrier: cost and efficiency depends on the barrier: clean woven fibers (cotton cloth, linen, others) Moringa tree seed press cake, ceramic filter
Water vessel
Process:
Fix the barrier on top of the water vessel.
If using cloth it should be folded 4-8 times to create a thicker barrier.
Pour water through the barrier into the vessel, trapping solids and particles on top of the barrier.
Take care to only allow filtered water to reach the bucket.