27-08-2014, 02:31 PM
The world is shrinking. The new era is going to be an era of great technology and only those Engineers who will have the ability to move along with fast paced technology are going to survive. To move along with technology an Engineer must be equipped with the practical knowledge of work. Now the quality of knowledge is more important than the quantity. So a person without practical knowledge is nil no matter how many books he has studied. The practical training is highly conducive for the development of : • Solid foundation of knowledge • Confidence and Personality • Excellence and Self-discipline. It was my pleasure that I got an opportunity to undergo my six months industrial training in QTL., Mohali. When I joined this organization I was associated with WBB & DSL for the six months training period. In this report, I have tried to sum up the technical knowledge that I have gained during this invaluable training period of six months training period. In this report, I have tried to sum up the technical knowledge that I have gained during this invalu
Established in the year 1987, Quadrant Televentures Ltd. has developed a vast base for indigenous telecom equipment manufacturing in India. It started with manufacturing transmission Equipment and soon expanded its product portfolio to manufacture Access Equipment, Optical Fibre Cable, Accessories and Terminal Equipment.
A combination of long-term vision and proactive business strategy has helped HFCL achieve a leadership position. From the time of its inception, intensive R&D efforts have helped to create products that match global standards. Today it has grown from a single-product, single-customer to a multi-product, multi-customer company. The R&D areas range from exploration of new technologies, designing of radio, optical transmission equipment and access equipment and development of software solutions that include a high level of network management systems.
HFCL.s reputation is built upon its technological expertise and in its sophisticated manufacturing plants. The two sprawling units at Solan produce the best in wireline and wireless technologies. In addition, a highly sophisticated fibre optic cable manufacturing facility in Goa has broken new ground in optimum capacity utilization and minimum wastage.
With a mission to provide cost effective yet futuristic telecom solutions, QTL is spearheading the privatization of basic telecommunication service in Punjab by providing services across the spectrum in telecom services including Fixed Line Telephony, CDMA based mobile telephony, PCO.s, Centrex, Intelligent Network Services, ISDN, Leased Lines and much more.
Launched in October 2000, QTL.s new generation telecom service, CONNECT, is today a leading brand in Punjab and Chandigarh for providing end-to-end communication solutions. A subscriber base of over 0.12 millions, steady revenue streams and services in 22 cities and towns, emphasize the company.s growth. In addition, CONNECT has pioneered the concept of calling cards in Punjab. These provide new, contemporary and smart telephony options.
QTL has collaborated with technology leaders such as Lucent, Huawei, Compaq, Cisco, Bell,Nexxia,Suntec and QTL to become the most trusted name in technology.
The services include:
ü Basic Telephony
ü CDMA based Mobile Service
ü Centrex
ü Phone Card
ü Tele Meet
ü Leased Line
ü Internet Leased line
ü ISDN
ü xDSL
ü Video Conference
QTL (formerly “The Investment Trust of India Limited”) is a premier broadband telecommunication service provider operating in the Punjab Telecom Circle, comprising of State of Punjab and Union Territory of Chandigarh. The Company is the first private Basic services Licensee for the circle offering fixed and wireless telephony services and a large bouquet of value added, data and broadband services. The Company, was incorporated on 2nd August, 1946 with main objects to carry on the business as an Investment Company, but later diversified into business of hire purchase, leasing, mortgage financing and securities trading etc. During the year 2002-2003, the Company, with a view to diversify into telecommunication business, merged in it (erstwhile) QTL, a company promoted by Himachal Futuristic Communications Limited (QTL), engaged in providing Basic Telecom Services in the State of Punjab a Post merger, the Company has become a part of the QTL Group, which is the largest telecom equipment manufacturer in India. In line with its business activities after merger, the name of the Company was changed from “The Investment Trust of India Limited” to “QTL”. The old business of the Company viz. hire purchase, leasing, mortgage financing and securities trading etc. has been transferred as a going concern to its wholly owned subsidiary “Rajam Finance & Investments Company (India) Limited”, which has since been renamed as “The Investment Trust of India Limited.”
The Company has been Ranked as the No.1 Telecom Operator in Customer satisfaction in the State of Punjab by Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI). The Company envisions being the most admired telecommunication company through innovation and excellence.
INTRODUCTION OF ISP
ISP (Internet Service Provider) is a company that provides Internet connectivity to home and business customers. ISPs choose what forms of access to provide customers, ranging from traditional modem dial-up to DSL and cable modem to T1/T3 lines.
Recently, ISP companies have begun to diversify and offer additional services besides Net access. These include email, Web site and database hosting, and Web site development services and tools.
Also known as Internet Service Provider, Internet Access Provider (IAP).Examples of ISPs are Erols, Concentric and Netcom. These services offer direct, full access to the Internet at a flat, monthly rate and often provide electronic-mail service for their customers. ISPs often provide space on their servers for their customers to maintain World Wide Web (WWW) sites. Not all ISPs are commercial enterprises. Educational, governmental and nonprofit organizations also provide Internet access to their members. Examples of ISPs are Erols, Concentric and Netcom. These services offer direct, full access to the Internet at a flat, monthly rate and often provide electronic-mail service for their customers. ISPs often provide space on their servers for their customers to maintain World Wide Web (WWW) sites. Not all ISPs are commercial enterprises. Educational, governmental and nonprofit organizations also provide Internet access to their members.
ISPs supply Internet access to homes and businesses. ISPs often also offer email and Web hosting and related services.
WBB (Wireless Broadband)
The term broadband
Originally the word "broadband" had a technical meaning, but became a marketing term for any kind of relatively high-speed computer network or Internet access technology. According to the 802.16-2004 standard, broadband means "having instantaneous bandwidths greater than 1 MHz and supporting data rates greater than about 1.5 Mbit/s."
WiMAX is highly popular in Europe but has not met full acceptance in the United States because cost of deployment does not meet return on investment figures. In 2005 the Federal Communications Commission adopted a Report and Order that revised the FCC.s rules to open the 3650MHz band for terrestrial wireless broadband operations.
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
Digital subscriber line (DSL, originally digital subscriber loop) is a family of technologies that provide Internet access by transmitting digital data over the wires of a local telephone network. In telecommunications marketing, the term DSL is widely understood to mean asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), the most commonly installed DSL technology. DSL service is delivered simultaneously with wired telephone service on the same telephone line. This is possible because DSL uses higher frequency bands for data. On the customer premises, a DSL filter on each non-DSL outlet blocks any high frequency interference, to enable simultaneous use of the voice and DSL services.
CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW
WIRELESS BROADBAND
The history of broadband wireless as it relates to WiMAX can be traced back to the desire to find a competitive alternative to traditional wireline-access technologies. Spurred by the deregulation of the telecom industry and the rapid growth of the Internet, several competitive carriers were motivated to find a wireless solution to bypass incumbent service providers.
During the past decade or so, a number of wireless access systems have been developed, mostly by start-up companies motivated by the disruptive potential of wireless. These systems varied widely in their performance capabilities, protocols, frequency spectrum used, applications supported, and a host of other parameters.
Some systems were commercially deployed only to be decommissioned later. Successful deployments have so far been limited to a few niche applications and markets. Clearly, broadband wireless has until now had a checkered record, in part because of the fragmentation of the industry due to the lack of a common standard.
The emergence of WiMAX as an industry standard is expected to change this situation.
Given the wide variety of solutions developed and deployed for broadband wireless in the past, a full historical survey of these is beyond the scope of this section.
WiMAX technology has evolved through four stages, albeit not fully distinct or clearly sequential
(1) narrowband wireless local-loop systems
(2) first-generation line-of-sight (LOS) broadband systems
(3) second-generation non-line-of-sight (NLOS) broadband systems
(4) standards-based broadband wireless system.
DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE
The theoretical foundations of DSL, like many other forms of communication technology, can be traced back to Claude Shannon.s seminal 1948 paper: A Mathematical Theory of Communication. An early patent was filed in 1979 for the use of existing telephone wires for both telephones and data terminals that were connected to a remote computer via a digital data carrier system.[4]
The motivation for digital subscriber line technology was the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) specification proposed in 1984 by the CCITT (now ITU-T) as part of Recommendation I.120, later reused as ISDN Digital Subscriber Line (IDSL). Employees at Bellcore (now Telcordia Technologies) developed Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) and filed a patent in 1988,by placing wide-band digital signals above the existing baseband analog voice signal carried between telephone company telephone exchanges and customers on conventional twisted pair cabling facilities.Consumer-oriented ADSL was designed to operate on existing lines already conditioned for Basic Rate Interface ISDN services, which itself is a digital circuit switching service (non-IP), though most incumbent local exchange carriers (ILECs) provision Rate-Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line (RADSL) to work on virtually any available copper pair facility—whether conditioned for BRI or not. Engineers developed higher-speed DSL facilities such as High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) and Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) to provision traditional Digital Signal 1 (DS1) services over standard copper pair facilities.
CHAPTER-3
PROBLEM FORMULATION
WIRELESS BROADBAND
A wireless LAN or WLAN is a wireless local area network that uses radio waves as its carrier. The last link with the users is wireless, to give a network connection to all users in a building or campus. The backbone network usually uses Fiber cables and radio Links. Originally the word "broadband” had a technical meaning, but became a marketing term for any kind of relatively high-speed computer network or Internet access technology. According to the802.16 2004standard, broadband means "having instantaneousbandwidths greater than 1MHZ and supportingdata rategreater than about