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Introduction
A wireless sensor network is a collection of nodes
organized into a cooperative network.
• Each node has capability to sense data, process the
data. These sensors work with each other to sense
some physical phenomenon.
• The nodes in the network are connected via Wireless
communication channels.
Components of WSN
sensor
– A transducer
– converts physical phenomenon e.g. heat, light, motion, vibration, and
sound into electrical signals
• sensor node
– basic unit in sensor network
– contains on-board sensors, processor, memory, transceiver, and
power supply
• sensor network
– consists of a large number of sensor nodes
– nodes deployed either inside or very close to the sensed phenomenon
Network Architecture
Flat Network Topology
Where sensor nodes also act as
routers and transfer data to a
sink through multi-hop routing
Hierarchical Network Topology
Higher nodes can be used to
process and send the
information while low energy
nodes can be used to perform
the sensing in the proximity of
the target.
Node Architecture
Hardware components of a sensor node
include
– Sensing unit
– Processing unit
– Communication unit
– Power unit
TinyOS
• TinyOS system and its programs written in nesC
• Its having a component-based architecture
• TinyOS programs are composed into event handlers
and tasks with run-to-completion semantics.
NS2- Network Simulator
• A package of tools that simulates behavior of networks
• One of the most popular simulator among networking
researchers
– Open source, free
• Discrete event simulator targeted at networking research and
education
– Protocol design, traffic studies, etc
– Wired and wireless networks
• Back end is in C++ and front end is in oTcl
Basic Requirements: NS-2
• A computer which is having access to the Internet
• Minimum 512Mb RAM
• Operating system: Linux(Ubuntu 12.04)
• ns-2.34 package(ns-allinone)
• gcc-4.4.3