25-07-2012, 10:38 AM
X10 PROTOCOL
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INTRODUCTION
It was the first general purpose domotic network technology and remains the most widely available.
X10 was developed in 1975 by Pico Electronics of Glenrothes, Scotland, in order to allow remote control of home devices and appliances.
X10 is an international and open industry standard for communication among electronic devices used for home automation, also known as domotics.
It primarily uses power line wiring for signalling and control, where the signals involve brief radio frequency bursts representing digital information.
X10 communicates between transmitters and receivers by sending and receiving signals over the power line wiring.
X10 transmissions are synchronized to the zero crossing point of the AC power line.
These signals involve short RF bursts which represent digital information.
WHAT’S X10 PROTOCOL ?
Pico electronics developed this, every time pico developed a project they used give an experiment #, this was the 10th project experiment #10, they simply call X10.
X10 is a remote-control system used for home automation- it uses the electric power wiring in your house to send control signals.
The goal should be to transmit as close to the zero crossing point as possible, but certainly within 200 microseconds of the zero crossing point.
Transmissions are to be synchronized to the zero crossing point of the AC power line and should be as close to true zero crossing as possible.
The PL513 and TW523 are designed to be interfaced to other microprocessor circuitry which outputs X10 codes synchronized to the zero crossing point of the AC power line.
A Square wave representing zero crossing detect is provided by the PL513/TW523 and is within 200 microseconds of the zero crossing point of the AC power line.
HOW DOES IT WORKS?
The method used by X-10 is based on a simple data frame with eight data bits (one byte) preceded by a predetermined start code.
The complicated part of this technology was not the system of binary data, but the method in which it was transmitted from one device (the transmitter) to another device (the receiver).
The key was for every device to have an integral "zero crossing" detector so that all of them were synchronized together.
The actual binary data is transmitted by sending 1ms bursts of 120kHz just past the zero crossing of the 60Hz power.
It was also obvious that complementary bit pairs were necessary.
CONCLUSIONS
The X10 protocol is very useful in the construction of the smart home.
X10 is extremely simple to implement and there are and abundance of ways to use them.
Above we list the major systems, which will be convenient as well as economical to use these types of remote controlled devices.
In conclusion, the implementation of these remote controlled appliances and household as well as business systems will offer the consumer convenience as well as economic advantages.