27-10-2014, 04:17 PM
India-Gangetic plain is drained by one of the largest river systems and catastrophic floods. Almost every year, in India the Gangetic plain residents of the untold suffering caused by flooding in the wet season. Although several attempts have been made to control the flood, history shows that the failure of these control measures. From 1954 to 1990, more than rupees. 270 billion rupees has been spent in India flood control measures, but annual flooding increases by a factor of nearly 40 times, areas affected by floods each year during this period increased by about 1.5 times. These records to highlight the related fluvial flood disaster and its understanding of the pressing need. In recent years, the United Nations Development Programme study on flood policy also calls for greatly increased research on river morphology, river regulation, mathematical modeling, and land and water resource management. This is the attempt in this direction.
North Bihar Plains of the Baghmati River basin was selected as the site of paper work. The Baghmati River will not only lead to floods each year, and it shows a typical anabranching mode and is characterized by frequent channel avulsion of the process shift. I analyze and synthesize Baghmati River basin hydrology, channel morphology (planform and cross-section shape), geomorphometrical (drainage pipe network analysis) and Geology (tectonics) attributes, understanding the problem of flooding and its associated processes. This study makes a historical hydrological data, namely, flow and sediment data, remote sensing data from 1989 to 2000 period, different time periods, study area topographic maps of the area and the field structure map help.
Is enforced by the targets and tasks of the project are as follows.
Goal 1: to channel morphology and hydrologic analysis
Task 1: analysis of channel morphology
Task 2: study of hydrological characteristics
Task 3: channel morphology, hydrology
Goal 2: the remote sensing study of watershed topography
Task 1: to channel migration over the past 250 years of history reconstruction
Task 2: the Baghmati River basin study on Neotectonic movement
Task 3: understanding avulsion and anabranching mechanism
Task 4: flood prone areas identification of its causes
Goal 3 Geomorphometric analysis and development of the Baghmati River geomorphic instantaneous unit (GIUH)
Task 1: through the Horton matter how? AA? ¿Ã?  œ s than you know about drainage pipe network
Task 2: random topologies (RT) model understanding of drainage network
Task 3: geomorphic instantaneous unit (GIUH) and unit (UH) through the drainage network of the Baghmati River mathematical model development
Task4: identify different watersheds of hydrological response
In line with these objectives, we have organized. The channel planform and morphological parameters, such as woven ratio and road curvature, width to depth ratio, vertical distribution and hydrological parameters such as flow, sediment, sediment concentration data were analyzed. Finally, the synthesis through the established channels of the relationship between the morphological and hydrological studies.
IRS LISS-II geomorphologial investigations at river basin scale remotely sensed data, preparation of watershed area of digital elevation models (DEM) and detailed field studies in the region help. The survey included anabranching drainage patterns and the migration history of the channel, avulsion of the main event, neotectonic movement in the region and Baghmati river flood study on awareness of the depth of the problem.
In the geomorphometrical analysis, Horton coal? AA? ¿Ã?  œ s stream order model and random topologies (RT) models have been used in geomorphometrical analysis. In addition, the quantitative relationship between the morphological and hydrological drainage through mathematical modeling of geomorphic instantaneous unit (GIUH) concept developed. In this process, semi-Markov process with continuous time build of the application of GIUH equation 5 Baghmati River. Transition probabilities of the equation, the initial probability, transition probabilities and average wait time has been reached, and then used the resulting GIUH five river systems. Therefore, the basin unit (UH) in Dhengbridge (uplink station) watershed geomorphometric parameters based on preparation. In addition, all second-order and third-order tributary IUH determination and Baghmati river flooding, assessed the contribution of these tributaries. Effects on morphological parameters of flood process have also been identified.
The main conclusions are summarized as follows:
1. the Baghmati river channel mode is shown by the wide and shallow braided River is narrow, winding channel of deep change, the downside. Channel bending are very variable in the range of 1 to 2.8. In most cases, these changes in the morphological and hydrological characteristics of rivers. However, in a few cases the newly constructed effect is obvious.
The Baghmati River 2. peak flow varies greatly, it is difficult to predict. Flood frequency studies and comparisons among most likely to flood, the average annual flood and bankfull discharge display, floodplains, floods are a frequent phenomenon.
3. the Baghmati river sediment and sediment data indicate that the Baghmati River basin prone to erosion and sediment supply in the basin is quite high, especially from the upstream region. Wash load from the middle reaches area of a further supplement, due to bank erosion and 60% of 90% of the total amount of sediment. Increased washing power is responsible for the deposition of loads and reduced water flow in the middle reaches of the region, the channel light, vulnerable to avulsion of the flood.
4. the Baghmati River is in the middle of anabranching River system, which displays an anabranching river systems all of the morphological and hydrological characteristics. Is very unstable anabranching River system a unique example of the drainage system, known as hyperavulsive channel system. In this system the channel migration is torn by the constraints of event. Over the past 250 years, water systems experiencing the Baghmati River 30 km wide floodplain 8 avulsion injury events. Because of these frequent process of avulsion, Baghmati River has shifted mainly in the Northeast. High sediment load, peak flow changes frequently and floodplains, floods and neotectonic anabranching avulsion of the main controlling factors.
5. There are very few pockets Baghmati river systems (mainly in five aspects) are highly flood-prone areas. In these five tributaries of the severity of the floods and the Pocket effect topography related to control and watershed area.
6. number and most of the river Baghmati River flows, long, regions coincide with the law. Random topologies (RT) model shows that the RT model in some watersheds are bias. The Horton matter how? AA? ¿Ã?  œ s scale, drainage density, stream frequency deviation RT models the main river sub-basin of outliers of the fluvial Dynamics (upstream channel avulsion) and the basin area of neotectonic movements.
7. geomorphic instantaneous unit (GIUH) equation with quintic Baghmati flow in Dhengbridge (uplink station) provides the first analysis of development 1 hour UH for the Baghmati River. Earlier due to lack of rainfall gauge stations at the upper stop, this is not possible, any site preparation units in Baghmati River line (UH). In addition, computing flood in 50 out of GIUH provides the data match.
8. all second-order and third-order watersheds GIUH suggests these watersheds of hydrological response. GIUH shows that excessive rainfall in the high river basin of the tributaries on the given response. Geomorphometrically, the Sub basin flood control and remedial measures should be focused on these areas with great development potential of the area. GIUH geomorphometrical parameters indicates that, with the maximum length of the channel and higher-order tributaries of length smaller than the higher peak is characterized by hydrological. These exports will be flood-prone area of the tributary basin.
9. my survey, the proper combination of geomorphologic parameters can provide value to the hydrological response of stream information. It can be used in the planning of flood management strategy. It also noted that the General flood prevention strategy, such as levee construction may not be the most effective measure in Baghmati River. Extra effort, such as catchment afforestation, upstream storage through a small check dam, flood storage and flood geomorphologically potential contribution of groundwater artificial drawdown may be more valuable to reduce suffering of the Baghmati River people.