Biomass and organic waste are increasingly being considered as valuable raw materials for second generation biorefination processes that give rise to platform chemicals to replace increasingly shrinking petrochemical resources and gas-producing pyrolysis processes of synthesis, biomass, organic waste and biorefined waste of the future. The experimental work described has focused on the physical properties and compositions of the biomass produced from miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus), willow (Salix spp) and pine (Pinus sylvestris) at 500 ° C and at 400, 500 and 600 ° C in the case of miscanthus. Although the morphologies of cellular structures were maintained in pyrolysis, the surface area of miscanthus biochar was greatly increased by heating to 600 ° C for 60 min. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra showed the disappearance of evidence of carbohydrate and lignin components as the pyrolysis temperature and miscanthus biochart compositions rose after heating for 10 and for 60 min at 600 ° C were very similar and composed of fused and uncharted aromatic structures of the aliphatic components in the starting materials. In greenhouse and growth chamber experiments, maize (Zea mays L) growth was found to be inhibited by soil amendments with miscanthus biochar formed at 400 ° C for 10 min but stimulated by formed miscanthus at 600 ° C for 60 min. In the course of the discussion, the relevance of the results obtained is related to the functions that soil amendments to biochar can have on soil fertility, carbon sequestration, soil greenhouse gas emissions, fertilizer requirements and waste management. It is clear that biochar soil amendments can have defined agronomic and environmental benefits, but it will be essential to have clear guidelines for the production of biochar from various raw materials and under varying pyrolysis parameters. It will also be important to have a classification system for biocharues that clearly indicates the compositions of the product that meet acceptable standards.